Ai shifting powers 2020 01-09

How will AI shift the
distribution of power?
Matthijs Pontier, Ph.D.

Matthijs Pontier, Ph.D., VU University Amsterdam,09-01-2020,How AI will shift the distribution of power

Matthijs Pontier, Ph.D., VU University Amsterdam,09-01-2020,How will AI shift the distribution of power?

Is 'smart city' privatizing public services?
Who controls AI in
the ‘smart’ city?
Who controls the
data that we
produce together?
Who profits from
the benefits?
Who has to deal
with the cons?

Amsterdam wants to collect
and share data, to:
– Solve societal problems
– Improve services
– Smarter law enforcement
– Manage public space
– Improve working processes
– Improve healthcare
– Recognize patterns
to influence behavior
“Hereby, Amsterdam is
happy to do business with
the market”Matthijs Pontier, Ph.D., VU University Amsterdam,09-01-2020,How will AI shift the distribution of power?

Google Sidewalks Toronto

Should a commercial company do this? Google?
Lack of transparency
People sued municipality:
"We don't want to be Google lab rats"
Blackberry CEO: "This is a colonizing experiment in
surveillance capitalism attempting to bulldoze important
urban, civic and political issues."

Google wanted a share of property taxes, development fees
Monetise government transportation and mobility
--> Google is trying to privatize public services
Google privatizing Toronto

Google designed privacy policies city neighbourhoods.
- Individuals targeted with products.
- Even targeted to influence their votes
Privacy adviser Ann Cavoukian resigned:
"I imagined us creating a smart city of privacy,
as opposed to a smart city of surveillance"
Toronto: "The evaluation process will determine which
parts of the proposal, if any, may be pursued further."

Cars that free your time
to do other things

Corporate surveillance: ‘Smart TV’

Monopolization

The bigger the company
The bigger the power center
The bigger the chance the
company will misuse this
power for its own benefit..

15-12-16
Surveillance Capitalism

Pokemon Go
Pokemon Go was a
game by Google to
lure users to stores
Companies could
buy ‘bait’ to lure you
(physically) into their
stores

If technology thinks for you,
Then do the programmers tell
you what to think?

Smart TV hackers are filming couples
having sex on their sofa’s
and they are putting it on porn sites!

Who actually owns your 'smart home'?
Hackers? Viruses?
Terrorists?
Companies that
actually own your
devices?
The AI that tells you
what to do?
Or will they control
themselves?

Mass surveillance: for one target, tens of thousands are spied on
Sharing info with dubious regimes
Keeping our devices insecure to hack us
Will the government protect your privacy?

Should we
ban it?
https://ww
w.banfacial
recognition
.com/

Will the government protect your privacy?

Trade privacy for security?
1. Not effective
2. Leads to unhealthy power distribution
3. Privacy is a proviso for security
4. There are excellent alternatives (targeted surveillance)

Think you got nothing to hide?
Everybody's got something to hide
Function in social relations
Snowden: “I don't care about privacy,
'because I have nothing to hide', is like
I don't care about free speech,
Because I have nothing to say"

Governments can't always be trusted
Many data breaches and lost USB-sticks
WRR: Government can't always be trusted with data.
Sometimes, information is being manipulated.
Also governments can act against the interest of people

Function Creep

Profiling
Big Data algorithms get the same
bias as their makers and/or
their training data
This amplifies discrimination of
stigmatized groups
(and some will use it
as justification of discrimination)

Algorithms get
the same bias as
their makers
and/or training
data

15-12-16
SyRI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GkXCzYdrBY
• Government combines all kinds
of data you share with them
• Everyone is regarded a suspect
-> marked with 'risk profile'
• Profile is used to accuse fraud
• https://bijvoorbaatverdacht.nl/
• Februari 3rd 20.00 public event
about SyRI / profiling in Huis de
Pinto, St. Antoniesbreestraat 69

15-12-16
SyRI in Rotterdam
25.000 citizens Bloemhof
and Hillesluis inspected for fraud
• 50% false alarm
• 10% was investigated
• 0(!!) cases of fraud found
Experiment stopped
Matthijs Pontier, Ph.D., VU University Amsterdam,09-01-2020,How will AI shift power?

15-12-16
Cambridge Analytica
Get people at
their emotions,
at their weakest
moment
Influence voting
behavior
Restarted as
Emerdata

15-12-16
Cambridge Analytica
VS2016
Brexit
Australie
2015
Kenya
'13 / '17
India
Malta

Matthijs Pontier, Ph.D., VU University Amsterdam,09-01-2020,How will AI shift the distribution

How can we do better?

⚫ Free sharing of information, art and culture
⚫ Evidence-based policy with long-term vision
⚫ Stimulate self-determination, but keep rights
⚫ Trust civilians vs Distrust ‘power'
⚫ Enthusiastic about tech, but alert on risks
⚫ Tech to empower people; not to repress
Basic principles PPNL
Matthijs Pontier, Ph.D., CuriousU Summer School,Twente University, 16-08-2019,Who controls our smart cities?

Need to improve privcacy rights, to stop corporate surveillance
Set good standards for Privacy by Design / Data-ownership
Regulate Big Business vs
More freedom for small startups / cooperatives
How can we do better?

Tech-Commons / Techno-progressivism
Democratize the way technologies are built
Costs, risks, and benefits of technolohy are equally shared
Equal access to technologies
Develop tech in a way that promotes freedom

Responsible Digital Cities
Control and freedom: People should stay in control over their data.
Legitimate and monitored: Citizens decide how the smart city develops
Commons: Collected data is from everyone – for everyone
Transparency: Be open about data collection and processing
Inclusive: Everybody can participate. No discrimination of stigmatized groups
Tailored to the people: Humanity always comes first; Empathy
https://tada.city/en/home-en/

Case: Crowd control

Case: Smart traffic lights

Will superintelligent
AI become a new
superpower?

Why we should have mandatory
Machine Ethics

Paperclip machine

5G + IoT + AI = Superrobot
“With the Internet of
Things, we’re building a
world-size robot. How are
we going to control it?”
Click here to kill everyone
by Bruce Schneier

Machine Ethics
Machines are becoming more autonomous
Machines and algorithms increasingly influence our lives
→We should manage that machines do not harm us
or threaten our autonomy
73

Moral reasoning system
We developed moral reasoning system
that balances between several moral goals
74

Autonomy
75
Results:
Able to simulate judge
decisions about:
•Assertive outreach
•Judicial coercion after self-
binding declaration

Cars that make ethical decisions

Why every AI
should have Machine Ethics
Machine Ethics = AI-Safety
Make sure the intelligence explosion benefits us

Why every AI
should be open-soure
Algorithms and robots are increasingly influencing our lives
Who will control the programmers?
Good ideas are made to be copied:
Creating extra value with no extra costs

e-Democracy
• Easily participate in democratic process
• Vote on ideas; not on parties or persons
• Power of Ideas replace the idea of power

citizens.is
Better Alamance

• Everybody can add ideas
• Everybody can add arguments
• Best ideas and arguments automatically come up
How does it work?

Matthijs Pontier, Ph.D., VU University Amsterdam,09-01-20

• Don’t vote once every few years, but always adjust vote
• Representation can differ per subject
• Representation is voluntary
• Makes representationpersonal; implies trust
Representation in an e-Democracy

⚫ Could there be a symbiosis between AI and e-democracy?

More reading and watching
Waarom we onze slimme steden niet moeten alten inrichten door
techbedrijven
Vrij van controledrift, bureaucratie en armoede met een basisinkomen
Boek: Machine Medical Ethics
Zorgrobots, maar geen botte zorg
Zelfrijdende auto's moeten leren wie ze dood willen rijden
De toekomst van democratie volgens Matthijs Pontier van de Piratenpartij
Idea Synergy: Innovation through co-creation

Gebruik alternatieven voor Big Tech (Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Amazon)
Enrypt e-mail Protonmail
Encrypt phone Signal
Encrypt messaging Signal
Iets van het Internet afhalen bestaat niet.
Betaal zoveel mogelijk contant
Weiger slimme meter; Wees kritisch over ‘smart’
Toolbox.BoF.nl
Gebruik Tor, VPN, DoNotTrack, uBlock, AdNauseam
Privacy tips

Book: Machine Medical Ethics
88
• How to develop robots with
human-like ethics?
• Need for Open Source
• How to use healthcare tech in a
way that improves well-being
• Changed doctor-patient relation
• Deep Brain Stimulation
• Sex-robots
• Etc.

Ai shifting powers 2020 01-09

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