A concise presentation on ICAO Annex 17, which focuses on the safety and security of civil aviation authority. Detail about the safety and recommended practices of the regulatory bodies of the aviation sector. The civil aviation conventions that make certain rules and guidelines to implement aviation security

1. Presented by
Momina Riaz
Lahore School of Aviation
The University of Lahore

2. Aviation Security
“A combination of measures, human and material resources used
to safeguard civil aviation against the acts of unlawful
interference”

3. Aim
To protect and safeguard
Passengers
Crew
ground personnel
general public
facilities of an airport

4. Unlawful Interference
“Any act of violence against a person onboard an aircraft or any
act that either destroys an aircraft or comprises the safety and
security of passengers and the aircraft known as Unlawful
Interference”
Forcible intrusion on board an aircraft, at an airport or on
the premises of an aeronautical facility.
Introduction of weapons or hazardous device on
board an aircraft or at an airport.
Unlawful seizure of aircraft in flight or on ground
Hostage-taking on board aircraft or on aerodromes
Communication of false information

5. Regulatory Bodies
Set standards and recommend practices for aviation
security
 ICAO
 IATA
 TSA-USA
 GCAA-UAE
Purpose
 Safe and efficient international air transport
 Ensures every state to operate an international airline

6. International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO)
 UN based specialized agency.
 Established by States in 1944.
 Headquarters in Montreal, Canada.
 Works with convention’s 192 member
States and industry groups to reach
consensus on international aviation
Standards and Recommended Practices
(SARPS) and policies in support of a safe,
efficient, secure, economically sustainable
and environmentally responsible aviation
sector.

7. International Air Transport
Association (IATA)
• Founded in Havana, Cuba in April 1945.
• Head office is in Montreal, Canada.
• Trade association for the world’s airlines.
• Represents some 260 airlines or 83% of
total air traffic.
• Prime vehicle in promoting safe, reliable,
and economical air services.

8. General Civil Aviation Authority
(GCAA)
• National Civil Aviation Regulatory body for
the UAE.
• Established in 1996 by Federal Cabinet
Decree
• Provides aviation services which emphasis
on safety, security and to strengthen the
aviation industry within the UAE and its
upper space.

9. Transportation Security
Administration (TSA)
 9/11 attack resulted in the creation of the
Transportation Security Administration,
designed to prevent similar attacks in the
future.
 Before 9/11 Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) is responsible for Aviation Security.
 After 9/11 attack US government made
some changes in their administration in
order to make the transportation more
robust.
 Appropriate authority for civil aviation in the
US is FAA
 Appropriate authority for security is TSA

10. Civil Aviation Conventions

11. Conventions defines
 States which have become
signatories to these international
conventions or legal instruments
are required to enact national
legislation before they become
effective in that state.
“rules and guidelines that impose obligations on the
participating states to implement aviation security
norms and punish any crime against civil aviation”

12. Chicago Convention 1944
 The Convention was signed by 52 states
on 7 December 1944 in Chicago, Illinois,
U.S., and came into effect on 4 April
1947.
 Legal instrument which sought to
harmonize the development of
international civil aviation in a safe and
orderly manner.
 The Convention establishes rules of
airspace, aircraft registration and safety,
and details the rights of the signatories
in relation to air travel; it also exempts
air fuels from tax.

13. Tokyo Convention 1963
 Referred as Crime Board Convention.
 Held on 14 September 1963 in Tokyo and came into force on
4 December 1969.
 Article 11 of Tokyo convention deals with unlawful seizure of
aircraft and imposes certain obligations on the State.

14. Hague Convention 1970
 Known as Hijacking Convention.
 The States contracting to the
Hague convention are obliged
to:
 Establish jurisdiction over the
hijackers in the state of registry,
the state of operator and the
state in which the aircraft exact
lands with the offender on
board.
 Make the offense punishable by
severe penalties.
 Submit any offender in their
territories to the competent
authorities for prosecution or
extradite them.

15. Montreal Convention 1971
 Held in Montreal on 23 September 1971 and
came into effect on 26 January 1973.
 Convention deals with Suppression of Unlawful
Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation.
 Treaty deals with sabotage and armed attack
against International Civil Aviation facilities and
creates the same obligation for the contracting
states with respect to Hague convention.
 Unlawful acts covered in Montreal convention:
oDestruction of an aircraft
oViolence against a person on board an aircraft
oDestroying and damaging air navigation
oCommunicating false information.

16. Montreal Protocol 1988
 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of violence at
airport serving International Civil Aviation.
 Protocol amended the terms and provisions of the Montreal
Convention by including acts committed at international
airports.
 Followed a series of attacks that had been aimed at
international airports over the years:
oParis 1978 – 3 terrorists attacked passengers
queuing for the screening process an El Al flight
oParis 1980 – a bomb explodes at a left luggage
counter at the airport
oRome and Vienna 1985 (El Al-check-in-counter)

17. Montreal Convention 1991
 On the marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of
Detection
 Allow the utilization of existing vapor detection technology
to detect and identify plastic explosion
 In order to inject a marking agent into the plastic
explosives during the process of manufacturing
 Control the manufacture of explosives and
the movement of unmarked explosives through
Contracting States’ territories
 Create a Technical Commission to undertake
continuous research and development into the
problem

18. Beijing Convention 2010
 This convention created more specific legal instrument in
order to update existing convention.
 New legal instruments, criminalize the act of using civil
aircraft as a weapon and of using dangerous materials to
attack the aircraft or other targets on the ground.
 The unlawful transport of biological, chemical, and
nuclear weapons and their related material becomes
now punishable, directors and organizations of attack
against aircraft and airports will have no safe haven.

19. Montreal Protocol 2014
 Protocol to amend the Convention on offenses
and certain other Acts committed on Board
Aircraft is also known as the Montreal Protocol
2014
 In 2009 the increase in unruly passenger incidents
led the International Aviation Organization (ICAO)
to undertake a detail view of the convention
 Purpose was to ensure that States have sufficient
legal powers to pursue offenders.
 Redefines the term ‘in-flight’
 Airlines have a right to seek compensation for
costs as a result of unruly passengers behavior.

20. Annex 17 – Safeguarding International Civil
Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful
Interference
 There are 19 Annex’s to the convention on International
Civil Aviation
 Annex 17 to the convention on International Civil
Aviation relates specially to aviation security
 Other annexes to the convention which contain security
related provisions
 Annex 17 has been amended sixteen times since it was
first publish in1974
 The latest edition in the 10th Edition which becomes
applicable from 16th November 2018.
 This ensures the standards and recommended practices
contained in Annex commensurate with the level of
threat to civil aviation.

21. Doc 9873 – ICAO Aviation Security
Manual
 Principle guidance document developed by ICAO to
assist States in the implementation of the technical
specifications contained in Annex 17.
 Provides guidance on how the various security
Standards and Recommended practices contained in
Annex 17 can be achieved in a practical manner.
 Tells a State ho to achieve a Standard.

22. THANK YOU