A STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATIVE MEANINGS OF THE JAKARTA POST WEEKENDER MAGAZINE

A STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATIVE MEANINGS
OF THE JAKARTA POST WEEKENDER MAGAZINE
THESIS
By:
Nur Laili Yusuf
05320084
ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND CULTURE FACULTY
MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
2010

A STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATIVE MEANINGS
OF THE JAKARTA POST WEEKENDER MAGAZINE
THESIS
Presented to:
Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S)
By:
Nur Laili Yusuf
05320084
Supervisor:
Drs. Langgeng Budianto, M.Pd.
19711014 200312 1001
ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND CULTURE FACULTY
MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
2010

STATEMENT OF THE AUTHENTICITY
I declare that this thesis entitled “A Study on the Associative Meanings of the
Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine” is truly my original work. It does not
incorporate to any materials previously written or published by another person,
except those indicated in quotations and bibliography. Thus, I am the only person
who is responsible for the content of this thesis if there are any objections or
claims from others.
Malang, 17 April 2010
The Writer

APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that Nur Laili Yusuf’s thesis entitled A Study on the Associative
Meanings of the Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine has been approved by the
thesis advisor for further approval by the Board of Examiners.
Approved by Acknowledged by
The Advisor, The Head of
English Letters and Language Department,
Drs. Langgeng Budianto, M.Pd Galuh Nur Rohmah, M.Pd., M.Ed
NIP. 19711014 200312 1001 NIP. 19740211 199803 2002
The Dean of
The Faculty of Humanities and Culture,
Drs. KH. Chamzawi, M.HI
NIP. 19510808 198403 1001

LEGITIMATION SHEET
This is to certify that Nur Laili Yusuf’s thesis entitled A Study on the Associative
Meanings of the Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine has been approved by the
Board of Examiners as the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S) in
English Letters and Language Department, Faculty of Humanities and Culture at
Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang.
The Board of Examiners Signature
1. Ika Farikha Hentihu, M.Pd (Chairwoman) -----------------
NIP.19700307 199903 2002
2. Drs.H.Djoko Susanto, M.Ed., Ph.D (Main Examiner) -----------------
NIP.19670529 200003 1001
3. Drs. Langgeng Budianto, M.Pd (Advisor) ------------------
NIP.19711014 200312 1001
Approved by
The Dean of Humanities and Culture Faculty
Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang,
Drs. KH. Chamzawi, M.HI
NIP. 19510808 198403 1001

MOTTO
The words or sentences which comes from your mouth, uncover the secret
meanings to your life.

DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My parents and my brother who have given me their prayers, encouragements,
and unfailing supports to go throughout this long journey. I love you all.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. I would
like to address my deepest thank gratitude You for giving me the strength to
complete this thesis entitled ”A Study on the Associative Meanings of the Jakarta
Post Weekender Magazine” as the requirement of Sarjana Satra (S.S) Maulana
Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang. May Sholawat and Salam
always be given to our prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) who has already
given us much goodness for our future life.
It is a pleasure to thank to all those who have given me the possibility to
complete this thesis. First and foremost, my sincere gratitude and appreciation
goes to my advisor, Drs. Langgeng Budianto, M.Pd for his constructive ideas,
criticism, guidance, and patience throughout the long duration of preparing this
thesis. He has successfully guided me through some stressful times. Then, he is
always willing to sharpen my understanding of this thesis and other academic
activities.
I am also greatly indebted to all lecturers who have guided me at every
phase of the undergraduate program, especially Drs. H. Djoko Susanto, M.Ed,
Ph.D, Ika Farikha Hentihu, M.Pd, and Drs. H. Nur Salam, M.Pd for their valuable
insights, comments, ideas, and suggestions in the course of improving and
completing this thesis.
I wish to remember my family for their continous prayers, supports, and
advices which encourage throughout my time in Maulana Malik Ibrahim State
Islamic University of Malang, especially to my beloved mother Dra. Hj. Supatmi,

father Drs. H. Yusuf Abdurrahman, M.A; my brother Imaduddin Yusuf, S.E and
my sister Ase Sarniati, S.Pd.
A note of thanks also goes to all my dearest friends of Mr. Langgeng’s
thesis advisor who always give me supports and advices throughout doing this
thesis, all my friends in flit flat girls KS7 who never give up encourage me during
the time doing this thesis, all my friends of Wizard English Clubs who always
accompany me from the early enter this university until finished of doing this last
work of my study, all my friends in IPNU-IPPNU Maulana Malik Ibrahim State
Islamic University of Malang who always in togetherness and as my inspiration to
finish this thesis, all my friends in Advanced Debate Community who always
patience in support me, and all my friends in English Letters and Language
Department whom I cannot mention one by one in which little or more for your
advices and supports are very important to complete this thesis.
Lastly, I would like to extend my gratitude and affection to my lifelong
greatfriends: Ana Aulia, Muh. Hamiduddin, Nanang Z., Nur Faidah S., Nanang
H.P., Hosen, Novita, Mamlu’, Durroh, T. Wahyudi, and Furqon. Thank you for
providing me the support with your patience, love, encouragement, and inspiration
that has greatly facilitated the completion of this chalenging efforts.
Hopefully, the people for mention above, and people whom I cannot write
one by one, May Allah always give Mercies and Blessings for everything they
have already done to help me learn.
The Writer

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE SHEET .................................................................................................i
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHENTICITY ................................................. ii
APPROVAL SHEET ......................................................................................iii
LEGITIMATION SHEET .............................................................................iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................v
DEDICATION.................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................x
LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABLE FIGURE...........................................................................xiii
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................xiv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study....................................................................... 1
1.2. Problems of the Study........................................................................... 4
1.3. Objectives of the Study......................................................................... 5
1.4. Significance of the Study...................................................................... 5
1.5. Scope and Limitation of the Study........................................................ 6
1.6. Definition of the Key Terms.................................................................. 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Meaning................................................................................................. 8
2.2. The Definition of Associative Meaning................................................11
2.3. The Types of Associative Meanings..................................................... 14
2.3.1. Connotative Meaning ................................................................14
2.3.2. Stylistic Meaning.......................................................................15
2.3.3. Affective Meaning.....................................................................17
2.3.4. Reflected Meaning.....................................................................18
2.3.5. Collocative Meaning .................................................................20
2.4. Word Meaning...................................................................................... 22

2.5. Sentence Meaning................................................................................. 23
2.6. Language of Journalism........................................................................ 23
2.7. Previous Study...................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design....................................................................................29
3.2 Data Source ...........................................................................................30
3.3 Research Instrument..............................................................................31
3.4 Data Collection......................................................................................31
3.5 Data Analysis ........................................................................................33
3.6 Triangulation.........................................................................................33
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Findings.................................................................................................35
4.2 Discussions............................................................................................51
4.2.1 The Types of Associative Meanings .........................................52
4.2.2 The Functions of Associative Meanings ...................................53
4.3 Implications...........................................................................................54
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion.............................................................................................55
5.2 Suggestion.............................................................................................56
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 List of Data Selected
Appendix 2 List of Data
Appendix 3 List of Profile Section of
The Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine
Appendix 4 The Texts of Profile Sections of
The Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine
CURRICULUM VITAE

LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 The Types of Associative Meanings.......................................13

LIST OF TABLE FIGURE
Figure 1 Meanings.................................................................................11
Fifure 2 Data Collection Process ..........................................................32

ABSTRACT
Laili Yusuf, Nur. 2010. A Study on the Associative Meanings of The Jakarta Post
Weekender Magazine. Thesis, Linguistics, English Letters and
Language Department, Humanities and Culture Faculty, Maulana
Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang.
Advisor : Drs. Langgeng Budianto, M.Pd.
Keywords : associative meanings, functions of associative meanings
Studying meaning including studying associative meanings is the way to
understand how words or sentences convey meaning in everyday situation of
speech or writing. It is very crucial to know how language could be understood,
interpreted, stated, and processed by language user. This reflects the meaning of
words associate with another words and the condition beyond the language. It is
also has to do with individual mental understanding of the speaker as stated by
Leech.
This research in general aims to study associative meanings in written text
since sometimes comprehend the meaning of the text is more difficult or more
ambiguity than in speech. The researcher determines the types and functions of
associative meanings based on Leech’s theory that was gathered from the Jakarta
Post Weekender magazine which published from October until November 2009.
Furthermore, it was focused on the Profile section of the magazine since there are
many associative meanings are found.
A descriptive qualitative method is used to give comprehensive
descriptions and discover functions of associative meanings in the text. Then, the
data was analyzed by classifying into words, phrases or sentences.
The result of this study shows that there are types of associative meanings
and its functions. They are connotative meaning is used to deliver the experience
in the real world to associate with the expression when someone heard it or used
it; stylistic meaning is used to deliver the stylistic style which appears in
language; affective meaning is used to communicate the feeling or emotion of the
speaker or writer itself; reflected meaning is used to deliver the new sense of a
word that relates to another phenomenon in the same expression; then collocative
meaning is used to convey the associate of words which tend to occur in the
environment.
In conclusion, different types elicit different functions. Certainly, the
speaker or writer uses the associative meanings to perform their functions which
are related to the world since it is very appropriate to influence the addressees or
readers.

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the background of the study, problems of the study,
objectives of the study, scope and limitation of the study, significance of the
study, and definition of the key terms.
1.1. Background of the Study
When learning language, it will be more understandable for people to learn
the meaning of language (semantics) (Crystal, 1987: 100). Semantics is the study
of the way in which words and sentences convey meaning. The study of semantics
has been of interest to a great number of researchers since C.K. Odgen and A.
Richard in 1923 who had written “the meaning of meaning” as one of the way in
understanding meaning until nowadays. According to Crystal (1987:100) that they
were able to list no less than sixteen different meanings of the words
‘mean/meaning’ were distinguished. Here are some of them:
• John means to write ‘intends’
• A green light means go ‘indicates’
• Health means everything ‘has importance’
• His look was full of meaning ‘special import’

• What is the meaning of life? ‘point, purpose’
• What does ‘capitalist’ mean to you? ‘convey’
• What does ‘cornea’ mean? ‘refer to in the world’
It is the last kind of use that comes closest to the focus of linguistic semantics
which becomes the most ambiguous term and controversial in the theory of
language.
The researcher chooses Geoffrey Leech1
’s Theory to understand meaning.
Generally, it is classified into seven types of meanings in which five of them are
identified as associative meanings. The seven types of meaning are conceptual
meaning, thematic meaning, (associative meaning: connotative meaning, stylistic
meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning).
The definition of associative meaning is unstable of meaning and has
variants of individual experience (Leech, 1974: 21). The associative meaning of
an expression has to do with individual mental understanding of the speaker.
They, in turn, can be broken up into five subtypes are connotative meaning,
stylistic meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning.
In the other hand, it is the meaning of words that has connection to the
relationship of word with the condition beyond the language. For examples, the
word “white” associates with the word of “holy,” the other way, the word “black”
associates with the word “darkness, sadness, and badness.”
1
He was Professor of Linguistics and Modern English Linguistics at Lancaster University from
1974 to 1996. He then became Research professor in English Linguistics. He has been Emeritus
Professor in the Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, since
2002 (http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/profiles/296).

This study investigates associative meanings in the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine because it is relevant. It is related to meaning of words,
phrases, or sentences which are appropriate with the context. To understand
meaning, we need to know how words or sentences convey the meaning. The idea
is that when we read texts; we try to know how words are put together to convey
meaning so that it can be understood. It differs when we understand the meaning
of speaking since sometimes it has ambiguous meaning which makes the reader
thinks more deeply to convey the meaning. Shortly, the researcher in this study
focuses on analyzing written expression by using associative meanings.
A study on associative meanings has been conducted by some researchers
but using different analysis, method and object of study. Hardhini (2003) has
conducted “Cognitive and Associative Meaning Analysis of Body Care
Advertisement on TV Commercial.” It is descriptive quantitative approach
because it is done by numbering then continued with specific conclusion. From
findings and discussions, the writer finds that there are thirty nine words which
classified into cognitive and associative meaning. Then, she finds the
phenomenon characters in the Body Care advertisement which is used the
associative lexical items or phrases for soften their speeches.
Yuniawan (2007) has investigated “Fungsi Assosiasi Pornografi Dalam
Wacana Humor” (Pornographic Associative Meaning Function in Humor Texts).
It is also descriptive qualitative approach by recording humor texts containing
pornographic associative meaning and the context on the data cards or corpus
data. The result, there are several points can be drawn as the conclusions as regard

to the pornographic association functions in humor texts including: demanding
attention, entertaining, evoking curiosity, euphemism, and deceiving readers.
Another researcher is Sarifah (2008) by the “Associative Meaning in the
Headlines of the Jakarta Post.” In her methodology, she uses qualitative approach
by using Geoffrey Leech’s theory. The result, she finds some types and ways of
associative meaning which is used in the Headlines of the Jakarta Post.
Different from those previous studies, the present study aims to investigate
the types and the functions of associative meanings in the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine. Beside that, this study chooses the Profile section of magazine to
understand the meaning of the content of text which finally brings us to examine
how words or sentences convey meaning. To analyze this study, the researcher
uses Geoffrey Leech’s theory which is divided into five types: connotative,
stylistic, affective, reflected, and collocative meaning.
To sum up, the main aim of this study is to understand the meaning of the
“Associative Meanings of the Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine.”
1.2. Problems of the Study
Based on the background above, this study is undertaken to answer the
following questions
1. What are the associative meanings used in the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine?
2. What are the functions of associative meanings used in the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine?

1.3. Objectives of the Study
Related to the problems stated above, the objectives of this study are
formulated as follows:
1. To describe the associative meanings are used in the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine.
2. To show the functions of associative meanings are used in the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine.
1.4. Significance of the Study
This study describes the associative meanings. This study gives two
contributions: theoretically and practically. Theoretically, this study enriches
sources of studying meaning from mass media as the integral part in semantics
knowledge, particularly for associative meanings. Practically, it will give three
contributions. First, this study will provide references for the next researcher who
will investigate the study of associative meaning particularly. Second, this study
will be useful for the students learning associative meanings. The last, it provides
comprehensive discussions about obstacle of meaning for the students who find
difficulties in understanding the concept and the problems of associative meanings
particularly.

1.5. Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study focuses on examining the Profile section of the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine which is published from October to November, 2009. The
reason is that it expresses associative meanings when used to refer people’s
private life by formal or informal language to influence the readers. The goal is to
get information easier in understanding the meaning of the text in the Profile
section since it must convey the maximum of the information with a minimum of
language symbol. This category has represented the associative meanings which
happen in the Profile sections of monthly magazine. Therefore, the Profile section
of Weekender magazine gives valuable contribution in using associative
meanings.
1.6. Definition of the Key Terms
Associative Meaning : it is unstable of meaning and has
variants of individual experience
(Leech, 2003: 33).
The Jakarta Post Weekender magazine: it is the one of the media in
Indonesia, involved in monthly
magazine which has been issued
by the Jakarta Post team on
January, 2007

(http://theunspunblog.com/2007/
01/30/the-jakarta-posts-
weekender/).

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter reviews related literature explaining theories used in this
study and references supporting this study, including the definition of associative
meaning, the types of associative meanings, word meaning, sentence meaning,
and the language of journalism. Moreover, the researcher also describes previous
studies that become the step stone for the study.
2.1. Meaning
Studying meaning is a goal for studying semantics including lexical and
grammatical meaning. It is not only looking for meaning in the dictionary but also
understanding idioms, expressions, figures of speech and proverbs. As Lyons
(1984:33) and Palmer (1981:24) stated that meaning cannot leave from another
word’s meaning. The term meaning is used in many ways. Meaning as a concept
is more difficult to define than you might think (Palmer, 1981:3).
Djajasudarma (1999: 5) stated that the essence of studying meaning is to
understand each other. So that, each person knows what the speaker means and
what will be received by the hearer. Bloomfield (1969: 139) states that “the
linguistic meaning forms the situation in which the speaker utters it and the
response which it calls forth in the hearer which as illustrated followed:

Speaker’s situation speech hearer’s response
The illustration above gives sign that we usually will explain or tell something in
terms of the stimulus of the speaker.
A different use of meaning is found in such sentences as “it wasn’t what
he said, but what he meant” (Palmer, 1981: 4). Clearly, it is different between
saying and meaning so that it gives many curiosities to the hearer. It could be that
there are some other meanings besides literal meaning of the words. Perhaps, it
gives familiarity to be understood. There are some different ways for
understanding the meaning such as through intonation, sense, feeling, and
intention (Richards cited on Aminuddin, 1988: 90).
In addition, there are three main ways in which linguists and philosophers
have attempted to construct explanation of meaning in natural language
(Kempson, 1977: 9):
a. By defining the nature of word meaning. It means that meaning of word is
taken as construct in terms of which sentence meaning and communication
can be explained. For example:
• Supererogatory, means ‘superfluous’
• Spinster means ‘unmarried man’
b. By defining the nature of sentence meaning. It means that the meaning of
sentences is taken as basic, with words are characterized in terms of
systematic contribution they make to sentence meaning. For example:
• James murdered Max

It means that someone called James deliberately killed someone called
Max
c. By explaining the process of communication. It means that both sentence
and word meaning are explained in terms of the ways in which sentences
and words are used in the act of communication. So that, it is closely
related to what the speaker is intended to convey in acts of
communication. For example:
A: Are you going to bed soon?
B: What did you mean?
A: It means that I am tired and sooner you go to bed, the sooner I can.
The last way is related to Leech’s theory (cited on Partana, 2003: 36) in
which relevance to meaning in communication of speaking stated the important
thing of meaning for the linguist that is neutral between the speaker and the
addressee. We can investigate easily the difference between how to convey the
meaning and what he intends to.
Leech’s seven types division of meaning can be illustrated based on the
diagram below:

Figure 1:
M E A N I N G S
Conceptual Meaning Associative Meaning Thematic Meaning
Connotative stylistic affective reflected collocative
(Based on Leech’s theory, 1974)
2.2. The Definition of Associative Meaning
It has been explained that connotative meaning, stylistic meaning,
affective meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning according to Leech
(1974: 21) are unstable meaning and have variants of individual experience.
Associative meaning is different from conceptual meaning (Yule, 1985: 92). It is
the words meaning that is still related to other words. Conceptual meaning is the
lexical or literal meaning. Sarifah (2008: 11) emphasizes that associative meaning
is the sense associations that are not part of a world’s basic meaning and have
variants meaning based on individual experience or the context of the sentences.

In other words, it is the meaning of words that has connection to the relationship
of word with the condition beyond the language. For instance, the word “jasmine”
is associated with the meaning of holy; the word “black” is associated with the
meaning of darkness and sadness; the word “red” is associated with the meaning
of brave; the word cendrawasih is associated with the meaning of beautiful.
Besides that, this associative meaning has the same meaning with some symbols
used by the society to convey other concepts such as using of word Srikandi to
refer to a symbol of a heroic woman.
Finch (1998: 141) stated that this kind of meaning is extra resonance, or
echo, can be employed to powerful emotive effect. It is also acquired considerable
from the social and cultural context in which they are used. In fact, connotation,
collocation, stylistic and reflected meaning have represented more than affective
meaning. Then, associative processes affect the meanings of words.
Finally, considering the classification of associative meanings based on
Leech’s theory, five meanings can be illustrated on the table of associative
meanings below:

Table 1: The Types of Associative Meanings
Associative Meanings
Connotative
Meaning
What is
communicated
by virtue of
what language
refers to
Stylistic Meaning What is
communicated
of the social
circumstances
of language
use
Affective
Meaning
What is
communicated
of feelings
and attitudes
of the
speaker/writer
Reflected
Meaning
What is
communicated
through
association
with another
sense of the
same
expression
Collocative
Meaning
What is
communicated
through
association
with words
which tend to
occur in the
environment
of another
word
(Based on Leech’s Theory cited on Reimann, 2004)

2.3. The Types of Associative Meanings
Based on Geoffrey Leech’s theory, there are five types of associative
meanings are connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, reflected
meaning, and collocative meaning. The explanation of them is followed:
2.3.1. Connotative Meaning
Leech (1974: 14) stated connotative meaning refers to what is
communicated by virtue of what language refers to, over and above its purely
conceptual content. It is something more than the dictionary meaning which
embraces putative properties of reference due to the viewpoint of personal, social,
or communities. Further, he stated (1974:15) that talking about connotative,
actually talking about the real world which associates the expression when
someone used or heard it in their speech. This meaning is relatively unstable from
age to age, society to society, and personal experience. It is more open-ended, and
indeterminate rather than conceptual meaning. In any ways, it describes
something that goes beyond mere referent of a word and hints at its attributes in
the real world. The real-world value is perceived in terms of tacit socio-cultural
principles, norms, and rules. These terms are only the same in the conceptual
meaning but have difference in those senses. At least, the meaning will be
recognized when appropriate with the time to time and condition of people that
reflects to the real world. For examples: the word “woman” conceptually it is
human, female, and adult. Then, it reflects to the real-world as experienced in
cookery, skirt-or-dress wearing, emotional, motherly, kind-hearted, and friendly).

Finch (1998: 142) stated that connotative meaning is consistently
exploited by writers who wish to engage our emotions, stimulate our imagination,
or enlist our prejudice. It causes that behind the word of connotative which hints
attribute in the real world have something valuable. For example: the word
“smile,” “smirk,” and “beam.” Purely, it overlaps with conceptual sense so that
they are all types of “smile” but in associative meanings, “beam” means a smile
which connotes happiness and “smirk” means a smile which connotes gloating of
some kind. Furthermore, Finch (1998: 141) said that connotation equal with the
word “connotes” which much less stable and more indeterminate than what it
“denotes.”
2.3.2. Stylistic Meaning
Language which we use in communication is related to the social
circumstance of the speaker’s culture. This is because the dialects appear from
variety background’s life. The difference of tone, style or choice of words will be
influenced in their speaking. Due to that, this stylistic meaning was defined as
social meaning that it is a piece of language conveys about the social circumstance
of language use (1974: 16). The English style has recognized some main
dimensions of stylistic variation. Further, Leech also stated that here is the
category of the main dimensions of stylistic variation to distinguish on each
dimension which shows something from the different style (which taken from
Davy and Crystal about Investigating English style) (1974:16-17). Perhaps, it
occurs in certain language. There are:

A. Relative Permanent of Language Style
Individuality (the language of Mr. X, Mrs. Y, etc)
Dialect (geography language area, or social class)
Period (language in XVIII century,etc)
B. Delivery of Idea
The medium (speech, writing, etc)
Participation (monologue, dialogue, etc)
C. Relative Temporary of Language Style
Occupation area (law language, scientific, advertisement,
etc)
Status (polite language, slang, colloquial, etc)
Modality (language of memoranda, lecturers, jokes,
etc)
Satirical (the style of Dickens, Hemingway, etc)
Then, Reimann (2004:136) also explained that the stylistic meaning is a
branch of affective meaning. This type of meaning reflects the personal feelings or
attitudes of the speaker towards the listener. This is influenced by the intonation,
voice timber, or the use of interjection such as when we say,”I hate you!”
Whereas, Mwihaki (2004: 131) concluded that this type of meaning
emphasizes to the experiences of fellowship and the participation in social
linguistic rituals as found in greetings, apologies, blessings or condolences.

It is rather difference when Finch (1998: 144-145) stated that there is no
real difference in conceptual sense between the term used of stylistic variation.
The differences have to do with levels of formality. It is to be able to use the
language effectively that is the ability to switch between the levels when it is
socially appropriate to do so. Such the example of words: steed, horse, nag, gee
gee; they are in the same conceptually but actually they belong to context. Steed is
poetic in style and would be appropriate in a literary work about the “Knights of
the Round Table”; nag is slang and is normally used only in colloquial English;
gee gee belongs to the nursery and is used with children. In other words, these
terms are stylistically marked. The last marked is horse since it can be used in any
context.
2.3.3. Affective Meaning
In affective meaning, language is used to express personal feelings or
attitudes to the listener. For Leech (1974:18), it is a kind of language which
reflects the personal feelings of the speaker or writer including his attitude to the
listener or his attitude to something that is uttered. It is expressing or
communicating emotion or feeling of the speaker about something that is
happened according to its situation. Mostly, it forwards to explicit, conceptual,
connotative, or stylistic of the uttered used. Therefore, it is related to show the real
meaning of the speaker indirectly.
The main function of affective meaning is to express the emotion since it
is relatively closer to emotive devices. As Ulmann stated (2009: 166) that there

are three categories of emotive devices are Phonetics, lexical, and syntaxes
devices. In other word, those are to express the personal feeling of the speaker or
writer. The tone of voice is really important to show the emotion since the listener
will understand when we are angry, bad, sad, or happy through the intonation of
the speaker. It will seem clearly as the example below:
“Excuse me, I think, it would be better if you open the window.”
That utterance is supposed to be polite impression. However, it would be sarcasm
if the intonation used is stressed, then it would be turned into a playful remark
between intimates if delivered with the intonation of a mild request, and it would
be a casual tone to express friendliness. As Mwihaki (2004: 134) stated that they
are normally expressed through such forms of language use as insults, flattery,
hyperbole, or sarcasm.
2.3.4. Reflected Meaning
According to Leech (1974:19) conveyed that what is communicated
through association with another sense of the same expression or the meaning
which arises in case of multiple conceptual meaning when one sense of word
forms part of our response to another sense. It means that one sense of a particular
word affects the understanding and usage of all the other senses of world. This is
usually caused when familiarity with one sense of a word affects of our
interpretation of another sense. For instance, in the church ceremony, when we
hearing the synonymous expression of The Comforter and The Holy Ghost which
shows both are the Third Person of the Trinity. However, that term in my reaction

seems non religious meaning from comfort and ghost. The comforter sounds warm
and comforting (although in religious context, it means the strengthener or
supporter), while The Holy Ghost sounds scary and awesome. So that, based on
the context, a word sense seems to “rub off” on another sense. It could be by the
dominant suggestive power whether through relative frequency, familiarity, or
strength of its associate.
Then, Finch (1998: 146) explained that reflected meaning bedevils words
to do with sexuality. Such as the terms of “gay,” “intercourse,” “queen,” and
“fairy”; are often very difficult to use precisely. That is, the capacity to be used
with more than one conceptual meaning. Leech (1974: 19) also stated that
reflected meaning much often found in poem since it describes the highest sense
of language and it works in the vague condition. For instance to the line of this
poem,
Are limbs, so dear-achieved, are sides,
Full-nerved-still warm-to hard to stir?
The poem is written above is to show a soldier who has died in the warfare,
Wilfred Owen. The poet uses exaggerated words, dear, means “expensive(ly)”
however, in another case it also defends to the people, then; other feels the context
of “beloved.” So that, the reflected meaning here is comes with emotive power
and give the new meaning based on the context.

2.3.5. Collocative Meaning
Collocative meaning communicated through association with word tends
to occur in the environment of another word (1974:20). It refers to associate of a
word since its usual habitual co-occurrence with certain types of words. Then,
collocative meaning is not only caused by co-occurrence events but also by
stylistic and conceptual differences. Simply, it has an idiosyncratic property of
certain words.
For example: the word “pretty” and “handsome”
“pretty” tends to collocate with “girl, woman, villages, garden, and flower.”
“handsome” tends to collocate with “boys, man, car, and overcoat.”
The words “handsome woman” and “pretty woman” might happen in linguistics
since both have the same meaning but still be considered that both have different
attractive performance because of association to collocation. Another example is
the words “tremble” and “quiver.” Those words are in the same meaning but in
different concept that is “tremble” when someone is in frightening; “quiver” when
someone is in chilled.
In other word, Finch (1998: 143) adds the meaning of collocation from the
verb “collocate” which means “to go with;” and one of the ways by which we
know the meaning of a word. For instance, the words “clear” in clear conscience,
clear sky, and clear case. Clear conscience means without guilt; clear sky means
free from clouds; clear case means unmistakable. So those, the meaning of
collocation words have different meaning based on the linguistic context in which
it is used.

Mwihaki (2004: 135) explained that collocative meaning is a term for the
various instances of co-occurrence of meaning. It refers to sense a lexeme may
acquire the meanings of lexemes that tends to co-occur in similar environments
and covers all utterances which are encoded and decoded as unitary whole of
expressions. At least, it describes words that regularly appear together in common
use (within certain context) as collocative on the lexical association which refers
to the particular sense of general attribute, on account of given referent. Such as
the examples below taken from Mwihaki (2004: 135):
mtoto mzuri “a good child”
kazi nzuri “a good job”
ardhi nzuri “a good land”
maisha mazuri “a good life”.
The word “good” of those sentences have different sense in cases of noun-
adjective association. “A good child” shows one who is respectful and generally
obedient. “A good job” would be considered that it comes with comfortable salary
and attractive side benefit. “A good land” would be definable in terms of soil
composition and water retention properties. Then, the last is the sentence of “a
good life” seems that something which abundance both in material or spiritual
wealth. In addition, it could be patterned in many forms such as on the idiom
expressions, usage of proverbs, figures of speech, and riddles since the language
used in speaking forward to instances of meaning collocation recently.

2.4. Word Meaning
When working with texts, we generally only have access to words, not to
things. The group of words makes the meaning of the sentences. Therefore, it
would be better if we could determine the meaning of a word by using its relations
to other words. Define a word is one of the basic units of semantics (Palmer,
1981: 32). In other words, it expresses a unified semantic concept. The meaning
of words represents category of things which the words stands for. Yet, there are
difficulties since not all words have the same kind of meaning as others. Some
seem to have little or none. For example “Boys like to play,” from the sentences,
we might to consider the meaning “boys, like, and play”; except, the word “to”
since it has no meaning at all. In another case, meaning implies choice so that it
could be changed “girl, hate, fight” except “to.” Then, we use words to refer to
objects and actions such as cup, glass, swimming etc.
We must notice that some whole groups of words must be taken together
to establish meaning. Truly, the word meaning could be given the independent of
characterization (Kempson, 1977: 28). Since it must be in terms of the systematic
contribution a word creates to the truth condition of sentences when it occurs. In
other words, it is taken as the construct in terms of which sentence meaning and
communication can be explained in which they are categorized into the concept of
meaning.

2.5. Sentence Meaning
Palmer (1981: 37) stated that sentence as the expression of a complete
thought. It is a basic unit of meaning. Here, words which are apart of our thought
united one another to make a larger unit to produce the complete meaning or
thought. So that, a word is needed to construct the complete meaning besides it
could be stated that words are also as part of sentences. Moreover, the meaning of
the sentences can be predicted from the meaning of the words it contains.
Each sentence has a meaning or a literal meaning or it could have two or
more meanings (which is called as ambiguous meaning). Michaelis stated that
theories of sentence meaning are designed to describe the relationship between the
meaning of a sentence and the meaning of the words of that sentence, both lexical
and grammatical.
In addition, Lyons (1984) also stated that the meaning of a sentence
depends upon the meaning of its constituent lexemes including its phrasal lexemes
and the meaning of an utterance including the meaning of the sentence that is
uttered. In general, the meaning of an utterance will be richer than them of the
sentence from which is derived. Therefore, it can be said the utterance meaning is
the product of sentence meaning and context.
2.6. Language of Journalism
Journalism and language both are important points for mass media.
Journalism must use the language for delivering information since language
function as a device in expressing our thought or ideas. Journalism needs the

presence of media to spread out the information to the people around the world
since the media can do nothing without the help of language. It can be drawn that
language holds primary role in reporting the news, the events, or the phenomena
(Rahardjo, 2002: 144).
Talking about journalism, a language of mass communication seems in
daily newspaper, magazines, journal, and so on. One of the characteristics of the
language of journalism is that it will be easier to be understood by society or the
illiterate people (Wojowasito cited on Romeltea, 2008). It means that the language
used by the reporter in writing the journalisms must follow the development of
culture in society since people do not have enough the time for reading of the
mass media such newspaper or magazines. Perhaps, they need 30 minutes in a day
to read the newspaper or magazine.
The journalism language features have different characters based on the
written texts which will be published. The language for investigation is more
accurate than for features written. The principles of language for journalism are
brief, clear, solid, simple, and interesting (JS Badudu cited on Romeltea, 2008).
Suroso (2001) stated on his article about “Bahasa Jurnalistik Sebagai
Materi Pengajaran BIPA Tingkat Lanjut” are:
• Spot news
It is used to reveal the important events which have been known for
readers, such as political views, economical views, and other events which belief
are important.

• Soft news
It is used to reveal an interesting thing for human life that forward to the
readers’ emotion, for instance the features: profile feature, science feature, and
human interest feature.
Generally, the language of journalism is the language which is used by the
journalist in writing the news. This is one way to deliver the information in mass
communication. Sometimes, it considers as a mirror of our society since many
gossiping refers to the mass media. At least, the language of journalism is also
open property that implied as one of the variety of language.
2.7. Previous Study
Besides using theories from books, the researcher also uses the study from
the previous researcher as a supporting theory. The writer chooses some previous
studies related to associative meaning.
In “Cognitive and Associative Meaning Analysis of Body Care
Advertisement on TV Commercial,” Hardhini (2003), the student of Petra
Christian University Surabaya investigates two kinds of meanings are cognitive
and associative meaning on TV commercial Body Care advertisement. The
researcher is interested in studying them because both are mostly influenced to
persuade the people on TV commercial. In her methodology, she uses descriptive
quantitative research. She collects the data by applying directly listening to the
dialogues of the TV Indonesian commercial Body Care advertisement. The data is
classified based on cognitive and associative meaning of the lexical items or

phrases. The result of her study shows that there are thirty nine words in the
utterances which contain of lexical items or phrases with both cognitive and
associative meaning taken from TV Indonesian commercial of Body Care
advertisement. Unfortunately, she does not explain the types of associative
meanings itself. In analyzing, she establishes the two theories are: cognitive
meaning by Richard, Platt, and Weeber; and associative meaning by Geoffrey
Leech but it does not explain clearly. Then, the data is written in Indonesian
which is interpreted into English.
Then “Fungsi Assosiasi Pornografi Dalam Wacana Humor” by Kuniawan
(2007), the student of The State University of Semarang. He is interested in
investigating the pornographic associative meaning which focuses on its functions
considers that many utterances of humor texts implied the pornographic
statements. The data on his research is written in Indonesian which has
pornographic association as well as their context. The researcher uses the
descriptive qualitative approach in his research design based on Chaire’s Theory.
He obtains the data by taking-notes in humor texts that contain pornographic
associative meaning as well as the context on the corpus data. The result, there are
several points which can be drawn as the conclusion of pornographic associative
meaning function, they are: menarik perhatian (demanding attention), menghibur
(entertaining), membuat rasa penasaran (evoking curiosity), memperhalus
(euphemism), and mengecoh pembaca (deceiving readers).
In “The Associative Meaning on the Headlines of the Jakarta Post,”
Sarifah (2008) analyzes the types and the ways of using associative meanings

based on Leech’s theory. Her research design is descriptive qualitative approach
which directly applied collecting the utterances from the Headlines of the Jakarta
Post newspaper. Since it covers or represents to its content of the whole text in the
newspaper. The result of her study shows that there are some types of associative
meanings (connotative, stylistic, affective, reflected and collocative meaning); and
some ways uses of associative meanings in the Headlines of the Jakarta Post are:
• by bringing the experiences and the expressions of human thoughts,
feelings, or emotions of word in the sentences of Headlines
• by depending on the situation of the context of sentences that occurs in
that time
• by depending on the situation of the context of sentences
• by communicating emotion or feeling of the speaker or writer about
something that is happened according to its situation
• by arising sense in the case a multiple conceptual meaning of word that is
described clearly by presenting the word that has a new sense which has an
associative with the context of sentence
• by communicating true association of a word which tends to occur in the
environment of another word
• and by referring to the particular sense of general attributes which is
exemplified in noun-adjective phrase).
In fact, her analysis does not only refer to one theory (Leech’s theory) but
also she uses Mwihaki, and Finch so that analyzes are extended. Then, she does
not explain the associative meanings details in her review of related literature.

Then, the recent study entitled “A Study on the Associative Meanings of
the Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine” focuses on describing the types and
functions of associative meanings based on Leech’s theory. Here, the researcher
chooses the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine in which focuses on the Profile
section. This research is relevant to study or comprehend the content of text
magazine since it can describe information of text in detail. In addition, she
mentions the truth-conditional approach to support her validity data in her
research design besides it is involved in descriptive qualitative approach. It is
believed that this study of associative meanings to continue the previous study
above. Therefore, it is very important to develop knowledge of associative
meanings particularly.

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
The chapter discussed the methodology of this study which included the
approach and the way to analyze the data. After knowing briefly about the
methodology of this study, it came to the next chapter that would analyze the data.
3.1 Research Design
In analyzing the associative meanings of the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative research approach. This
method was used based on several reasons. First, this research concerned the
words, phrases, or sentences of the associative meanings without using any
samples or numbers. Second, this research used Geoffrey Leech’s theory without
using any hypothesis. The last, the characteristics of descriptive qualitative
research could be found in the process of data gathering. The type of the data was
descriptive data, it did not need any treatments and ready to analyze. The
characteristics also found in the process of analysis that was done inductively.
Then, this research used truth-conditional approach which tended to the
meaning of sentences, the conditions in the world which would have to be met for
the sentence to be true (Goddard, 1998: 7). So that, you had to understand how

the world would have to be for that sentence to be true. Related to this study, the
researcher analyzed associative meanings into words, phrases, or sentences which
was tried to give the true meaning or the true reason by using the associative
meanings itself. The aim to this study was to seek the types and the functions of
associative meanings.
3.2 Data Source
In this study, there was only one single data source that was the Jakarta
Post Weekender magazine. It was one of the English magazines in Indonesia
which was published on January, 20072
. The data of her research were all the
statement of the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine in the Profile section issued
from October up to November, 2009.
This data source was taken as the consideration of some reasons that this
kinds of magazine was categorized as new English magazine in Indonesia which
published by the Jakarta Post team. Then, there were many associative meanings
of the Weekender Profile section used to interest the readers. The last, the form of
data which would be analyzed were words, phrases, or sentences of the text of
Profile section were usually express of associative meanings.
2
http://theunspunblog.com/2007/01/30/the-jakarta-posts-weekender/

3.3 Research Instrument
A research instrument was a facility or equipment that was used by the
researcher to collect the data in order to make research process done easily,
systematically, and completely. The researcher used human instrument in her
study. She herself became the research instrument who participated directly in
data collection and data analysis.
3.4 Data Collection
The data of this study was taken from the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine. In collecting the data, the researcher gathered every data needed
through the following steps. First, she collected the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine which was published from October to November, 2009. Second, she
found out one text of the Profile section of the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine.
Third, she read the whole sentences. Then, the words or phrases which contain of
associative meanings: connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning,
reflected meaning, and collocative meaning were underlined. The last, the
conclusion of the collected data was drawn to be continued in data analysis. The
process of the data collections were described as following sketch:

Figure 2:
Data Collection Process
(Adapted from data collection by Laela Sarifah’s thesis research design)
STEP I
Collecting the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine
STEP II
Finding the Profile section of the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine
STEP III
Reading and choosing the
sentences contained of associative
meanings
STEP IV
Selecting and underlining the words or
phrases of the sentences involved to the
associative meanings
Meanings:
1.connotative
2.stylistic
3.affective
4.reflective
5.collocative
STEP V
Drawing conclusion

3.5 Data Analysis
After obtaining data, the researcher used some steps to analyze data listed
as followed:
• Data classification. The researcher classified words, phrases, or sentences
that contained of associative meanings
• Analyzing and classifying. She analyzed and classified the data based on
Leech’s theory of associative meanings. These aim was to answer the
research problems
• Describing and explaining the findings
• Formulating research conclusions based on data findings and analysis.
3.6 Triangulation
Triangulation was the techniques investigate the validity data to exploit
another thing (Moleong, 2005: 330). Therefore, this technique was used as the
accumulation of the research method to strengthen the data and support findings.
As explained by Denzin 1978 (cited on Moelong) there were four
classifications of the triangulation types were data sources, methodological,
investigator triangulation, and theory. In this study, the researcher chose the two
types of triangulation were data sources and methodological triangulation since it
had represented the validity of the data.
Related to the data sources triangulation, the researcher collected the data
from the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine especially the Profile section. Then,

she also compared to what she had explained in her research with the explanation
from another person or informant who expert in this study. Here, she chose the
lecturer from Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, who
had sufficient knowledge in Linguistics especially, in Semantics to give
comments and critics on the appropriateness of this thesis. Besides, the researcher
discussed and checked the data from the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine
especially the Profile section appropriate to the data collection of this study.
Therefore, she was used the methodological triangulation to investigate related to
the data collection.

CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter presents analysis of the data based on Leech’s theory. The
researcher structures writing are categorized into some steps. First, the researcher
classifies the data description based on the research problems. The data of the text
will be provided in the appendix page. Second, the result of this study is discussed
in the discussion section. Then, the researcher gives implications for strengthen
the data.
4.1. Research Findings
The researcher presents the findings of this study based on facts found in
the data based on Leech’s theory. The data employed in this research were taken
from the Profile section of the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine which is issued
on October up to November, 2009.
After selecting all sentences consist of associative meanings in the Profile
section of The Jakarta Post Weekender magazine, the researcher reduces from 50
data to 7 data that have represented the types and the functions of associative
meanings. The data has been provided in the appendix page. Then, the data are
analyzed by using the following steps. First, the researcher classifies the sentences
consist of associative meanings which taken from the sources of the Profile
section of the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine (consists of date, profile, title,

and set up of the paragraph). Second, the researcher underlined or chosen the
words, phrases, or sentences which will be analyzed based on the types of
associative meanings and its functions. They are analyzed as followed:
Datum 1:
The following data was taken from the data sources of the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine:
On October, 2009
Profile : Irwan Ahmett, 34, a self-professed unhappy artist, has been trying
to get happy which his art project has been running since 2007.
Title : Portrait of an unhappy artist
At 2nd
paragraph, line 2-3
Millions of people stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness. (see in
appendix 1 no.2)
The underlined word in the sentence above is called reflected meaning
because the meaning of word “millions” here is not indicated to “the number of
1.000.000,” however, it represents the meaning of “much, many, most of, or a lot
of.” Based on the context of the sentence above, this word does not show us about
something counted but it shows something uncounted. This sentence refers to
“most of people stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness.”
The function is used to deliver the new sense of a word that relates to
another phenomenon in the same expression. The new sense here is the new
meaning comes to the expression of the same words. The new sense comes
because of removes another sense in the same expression. Shortly, the word
“millions” usually people know seems to the meaning of “the number of

1.000.000.” However, the word “millions” in the sentence of “Millions of people
stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness” means “most”. So that, the
word “millions,” which means “most” seems to remove another sense, “the
number of 1.000.000,” by the dominant suggestive power especially by the
strength of its associate.
Then, according to Leech (1974: 19) that reflected meaning is
communicated through the association with another sense of the same expression.
This happens in multiple conceptual meaning when one sense of a word forms
part of our response to another sense. Further, he said that a word sense seems to
“rub off” on another sense by the dominant suggestive capacity whether through
relative frequency, familiarity, or strength of its associate.
Next, the underlined word “millions” in the sentence above is also called
connotative meaning because the word “millions” is also connotes to something
“much, many, a lot of, or most of.” It connotes to other things based on the
experience, phenomenon, and society. The word “millions” here is not the real
meaning used from people to others, “the number of 1.000.000,” it has something
value and other sense which means “much, many, a lot of, or most of.”
The function is used to communicate the experience in the real world to
associate with the expression when someone heard it or used it since it brings
something value and other sense in hints the attribute of the real world. When
someone heard or used the word “millions” in the sentence above connotes the
meaning “most of,” and does not refer to the meaning “the number of 1.000.000”
since it relates to the experience or phenomenon of someone and society used it.

According to Leech (1974: 14-15) connotative meaning is communicated
by virtue of what language refers to. It is considered based on individual
experience, society, age to age, indeterminate, open-ended, and relatively
unstable. So that, it refers to the “real world” experience which associates to the
expression when someone heard it or used it.
Datum 2:
Weekender magazine:
On October, 2009
At 2nd
paragraph, line 5-6
Lately, capitalism has come up with its own definition of happiness to tempt
consumers to buy products. (see in appendix 1 no.3)
Based on the sentence above, the underlined word “capitalism” belongs to
the stylistic meaning since this word involves in the Relative Temporary of
language style especially in the ‘occupation area’ of its usage. Related to the
sentence above, the word “capitalism” here is associated with the sense of the
Western economic system which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by
owners for profit, rather than by the state. This word usually used based on the
social circumstance of language use that in related with economics. To sum up,
the word “capitalism” here tends to the category of its usage.
The function is to deliver the stylistic style which appears in language
since it concerns the social circumstance of the use of linguistic expression. In this

case, this kind of meaning is used to deliver the occupation style which appears in
language due to the word “capitalism” involved in style of Relative Temporary,
especially in occupation area of economics. Therefore, the writer here only
performs that the word “capitalism” belongs to the stylistic meaning used to
deliver the stylistic style which appears in the sentence above.
According to Leech (1974: 16-17) that stylistic meaning is communicated
of social circumstance of language. Then, he stated there are some categories of
its usage to differentiate between each dimension which shows something from
the different style (which taken from Davy and Crystal about Investigating
English style). Perhaps, it occurs in certain language are:
D. Relative Permanent of Language Style
Period (language in XVIII century, etc)
E. Delivery of Idea
F. Relative Temporary of Language Style
etc)
Status (polite language, slang, colloquial, etc)
etc)

Datum 3:
Weekender magazine:
On October, 2009
At 12th
paragraph, line 1-2
They look like happy people to me, but they have to try pretty hard to make
themselves happy. (see in appendix 1 no.24)
Based on the sentence above, the phrase “pretty hard” is called collocative
meaning because the adjective word “pretty” in the phrase “pretty hard” has
different character when it is going together with another noun. Perhaps, we know
that pretty have the same meaning with handsome. They could be interchanged to
each other such as handsome hard. However, they will have different sense when
they to co-occur with another noun since mostly people using pretty hard than
handsome hard especially for this context. Therefore, the phrase pretty hard is
used in the context of the sentence above. It is caused by co-occurrence happens
in linguistics. Here, pretty hard means an activity which has to do in seriously to
reach their satisfying.
The function here is used to convey the associate of words which tend to
occur in the environment. It refers to the common use words going together in the
environment. Here, the phrase “pretty hard” is more appropriate to be used “pretty

hard” rather than “handsome hard” since handsome hard sound awkward to use
related with those context of sentence.
Leech (1974: 19-20) stated that collocative meaning intends to what is
communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the
environment of another word. It refers to associate word since its usual habitual
co-occurrence with certain types of words. The collocative meaning is not only
caused by co-occurrence events but also by stylistic and conceptual differences.
Next, this sentence belongs to the affective meaning because it comes
from the feeling or emotion of the speaker. The words “to me” in clause “they
look like happy people to me….” means that this word comes from feeling or
emotion of the speaker. Here, Irwan Ahmett, we know from his profile that he is
an artist who has found yet the real happiness in his life since he has found many
problems in which makes him unhappiness. He actually wants to show that people
around him seems as a happy people. Then, his statement remembers him to
unhappiness life, “they look like happy people to me but they have to try pretty
hard to make themselves happy.” This statement described that the speaker’s
condition is in sadness.
Here, we know that from the sentence above brings us to the main function
that is to communicate the feeling or emotion of the speaker or writer itself. It
arises from the personal feeling or attitude of the speaker or writer that is
dedicated to the addressees or readers. On the sentence “they look like happy
people to me, but they have to try pretty hard to make them happy.” has represents

that the speaker wants to show her feeling, emotion, or attitudes to the readers or
addressees.
Leech said (1974: 18) that affective meaning is communicated of feelings
and attitudes of the speaker or writer. The sentence of this affective meaning is
expressing or communicating emotion or feeling of the speaker about something
that is happened according to its situation.
Datum 4:
Weekender magazine:
On Nopember, 2009
Profile : Melissa Karim who is an entertainment all-rounder, turning her
hand to everything from radio, screenwriting for TV and film and
now as part of the panel of a popular prime-time magic show.
Title : Tall order
At 7th
paragraph, line 2-3
“I may be short, but I have good skin.” (see in appendix 1 no.32)
Based on the sentence above, the phrase “good skin” is called collocative
meaning since the adjective word “good” conveys meanings when it is going
together with others noun, such as “good job,” “good land,” etc. In this case, the
adjective word “good” in the phrase “good skin” means “it is smooth, soft,
glittering, none of anything scratch or hurt on it, and does not fast to be wrinkle.”
Therefore, this kind of meaning tends to occur since it is caused by co-occurrence
differences in linguistics.

This kind of meaning can be used to convey the associate words which
tend to occur in the environment. It tends to have variants meaning when it co-
occurs with another noun. Based on the sentence above, the phrase “good skin”
occurs in the environment because of the usual habitual co-occurrence with
certain types, the adjective followed by noun (adjective+noun). Therefore, it has
some meanings when going together with other nouns.
Leech (1974:19) stated that collocative meaning is communicated through
association with word tends to occur in the environment of another word. It
consists of associate words since its habitual co-occurrence emerges in certain
types of words. Besides that, the collocative meaning could be caused by the
difference of stylistic and conceptual.
Next, the underlined phrase on the sentence above is also called affective
meaning because the sentence “I may be short but I have good skin” refers to the
speaker who shows her condition. This utterance comes from the speaker’s feeling
or emotion. In this case, the speaker is Melissa Karim who has only 148 cm height
of her body. She believes that although she has a short body, she has a good skin
as which is as her special quality. Here, it can be concluded that the speaker is
really thankful to her condition.
The sentence above brings us to the main function that is to communicate
the feeling or emotion of the speaker or writer itself. It arises from the personal
feeling or attitude of the speaker or writer that is dedicated to the addressees or
readers. On the sentence “I may be short, but I have good skin” represents the

speaker wants to show her emotion, feeling, or attitude to the readers or
addressees.
As Leech (1974:18) stated that affective meaning, what is communicated
of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer. It is expressing or
communicating emotion or feeling of the speaker about something that is
happened according to its situation.
Datum 5:
Weekender magazine:
On Nopember, 2009
Title : Tall order
At 11th
paragraph, line 1-4
Melissa, who grew up in what she describes as a “typically Chinese family” of a
father who was used car salesman and a mother who runs a small home
catering business, does not go for the naïve if well-intentioned viewpoint. (see in
appendix 1 no.33)
Based on the sentence above, the word “runs” is called reflected meaning
because this word meaning does not intends to the sense of “moving visible thing”
as usually people know, but the word “run” here is associated with the sense of
“do the work.” In other word, the word “runs” has another sense of the same
expression. It gives the new meaning of words in the sentence which relates to
another event or a phenomenon that is “do the work.”

The function is used to deliver the new sense of a word that relates to
another phenomenon in the same expression. The new sense here is the new
meaning comes to the expression of the same word. The new sense comes because
of removes another sense in the same expression. Clearly, the word “runs” that
usually people know seems to the meaning of “moving visible thing.” However,
the word “runs” in the sentence of “Melissa, who grew up in what she describes
as a “typically Chinese family” of a father who was used car salesman and a
mother who runs a small home catering business, does not go for the naïve if well-
intentioned viewpoint” means “do the work.” So that, the word meaning “runs”
means “do the work” seems removes another sense “moving visible thing” by the
dominant suggestive power especially, by the strength of its associate.
Leech said (1974: 19) that reflected meaning concerns, what is
communicated through association with another sense of the same expression.
This happens in multiple conceptual meaning when one sense of a word forms
part of our response to another sense. Further, he said that in reflected meaning, a
word sense seems to “rub off” on another sense by the dominant suggestive power
whether through relative frequency, familiarity, and strength of its associate.

Datum 6:
Weekender magazine:
On Nopember, 2009
Title : Tall order
At 12th
paragraph, line 3-4
I used to get mad when people would call me Amoy (a term for ethnic Chinese
women), but the thing is I am Amoy. (see in appendix 1 no.35)
Based on the sentence above, the underlined word “women” is called
connotative meaning since the word “women” is defined purely conceptual as
“human, female, and adult.” However, the word “women” physically connotes to
“having maternal instinct and gregarious.” Then, typical (rather than invariable) of
womanhood connotes (frail, prone to tears, emotional, friendly, motherhood,
experience in cookery). So that, “women” have varies meanings more than in
dictionary or conceptual meaning.
The function is used to communicate the experience in the real world to
associate with the expression when someone heard it or used it since it brings to
something valuable to the real world. When someone heard or used it, the word
“women” in the sentence above connotes to the meaning “having maternal instinct
and gregarious.” Certainly, the word “women” brings different meaning from age
to age and society to society in the real world due to that relates to one’s
experience, phenomenon, and the society which uses it.

Leech (1974: 14-15) stated that connotative meaning here is what is
communicated by virtue of what language refers to. It is considered based on
individual experience, society, age to age, indeterminate, open-ended, and
relatively unstable. So that, it refers to the “real world” experience which
associates to the expression when someone heard it or used it.
Next, this sentence is called affective meaning since it represents one’s
feeling. The statement was uttered by the speaker, Melissa Karim, who has short
body besides she has Chinese family heritage. The clause “I used to get mad….”
showed her feeling. She showed that she disliked when there was someone calling
her as Amoy. Although at the end of the sentence she said “but the thing is I am
Amoy” still it does not show that she liked to be called as Amoy. Then, we will
know the condition of the speaker from the statement that is uttered.
The sentence above brings us to the main function that is to communicate
the feeling, emotion, or attitudes of the speaker or writer itself. It arises from the
personal feeling or attitude of the speaker or writer that is dedicated to the
addressees or readers. On the sentence “I used to get mad when people would call
me Amoy, but the thing is I am Amoy” represents the speaker wants to show her
emotion, feeling, or attitude to the readers or addressees.
As stated by Leech (1974:18) that affective meaning deals with what being
communicated that include feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer. It is
that happens according to its situation.

Datum 7:
Weekender magazine:
On Nopember, 2009
Title : Tall order
At 12th
paragraph, line 3-4
Educated people won’t say things like that – they realize we’re different, so
what?. (see in appendix 1 no.36)
The underlined phrase “so what?” is called stylistic meaning because this
phrase is involved in Relative Temporary language style especially in ‘status’
category of its usage. The words “so what?” is categorized into “slang, colloquial
or expressions that commonly used in spoken language.” This phrase means to
request something. It can be said as rhetorical question to which the speaker does
not expect an answer from the addressees. It is the same with the speaker’s
question, “We are different, right?”
The function is to deliver the stylistic style which appears in language
since it is concerned with the social circumstance of the use of linguistic
expression. This kind of meaning is used to deliver the occupation style which
appears in language since the phrase “so what?” is considered as style of Relative
Temporary, especially in status of slang language. Therefore, the writer only
performs that the phrase “so what?” belongs to the stylistic meaning used to
deliver the stylistic style which appears in the sentence above.

As indicated by Leech, stylistic meaning concerns what is communicated
of the social circumstances of language use (1974:16-17). We know it from the
dialects or the language usage of “status” as the category of its usage to
differentiate between each dimension which shows something from the different
style. Perhaps, it occurs in certain language are:
G. Relative Permanent of Language Style
Period (language in XVIII century, etc)
H. Delivery of Idea
I. Relative Temporary of Language Style
etc)
Status (polite language, slang, colloquial)
etc)
Next, this sentence also belongs to affective meaning because this sentence
comes from the speaker’s feeling and emotion. We will know from the clause
“they realize we are different…” shows that this clause represents the speaker’s

feeling or emotion toward the addressees or readers. What the speaker’s feeling is
related to the statement before (datum 7). She does not care about what people
called to her. She believed that educated people won’t say things like that since
we are different. So, the speaker here only wants to show that she and other
people around her have different family background or life style.
The function is to express the speaker’s feeling or emotion which arises
from the personal feeling or attitude of the speaker or writer to the addressees or
readers. Clearly, we know the condition of the speaker from the speaker’s uttered
whether her feeling, emotion, or attitudes.
As stated by Leech (1974:18) that affective meaning deals with what being
communicated that include feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer. It is
that happens according to its situation.
4.2. Discussions
Following the analysis of the data, the researcher finds there are types of
associative meanings and its functions used in the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine. The different types elicit different functions.

4.2.1. The Types of Associative Meanings
From the data of Weekender Profile section issues from October up to
November 2009, the researcher finds the types of associative meanings are
connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and
collocative meaning. However, the researcher finds different distribution of
associative meanings in the data. There are several steps to analyze each data. The
researcher finds each data consisting of one type of associative meanings such as
in datum 2 and datum 5. Then, she finds the data consisting of two or more
associative meanings such as in datum 1, datum 3, datum 4, datum 6, and datum
7.
Then, the types of associative meanings which have been identified in the
Jakarta Post Weekender magazine based on Leech’s theory are:
1. Connotative meaning can be described on the following sentences in the
Profile section of the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine.
• Millions of people stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness.
• I used to get mad when people would call me Amoy (a term for ethnic
Chinese women), but the thing is I am Amoy.
2. Stylistic meaning can be described on the following sentences in the Profile
section of the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine.
• Lately, capitalism has come up with its own definition of happiness to
tempt consumers to buy products.
• Educated people won’t say things like that – they realize we’re different,
so what?.
3. Affective meaning can be described on the following sentences in the Profile

• They look like happy people to me, but they have to try pretty hard to
make themselves happy.
• I used to get mad when people would call me Amoy (a term for ethnic
Chinese women), but the thing is I am Amoy.
• Educated people won’t say things like that – they realize we’re different,
so what?.
• “I may be short, but I have good skin.”
4. Reflected meaning can be described on the following sentences in the Profile
• Millions of people stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness.
• Melissa, who grew up in what she describes as a “typically Chinese
family” of a father who was used car salesman and a mother who runs a
small home catering business, does not go for the naïve if well-
intentioned viewpoint.
5. Collocative meaning can be described on the following sentences in the
Profile section of the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine.
• They look like happy people to me, but they have to try pretty hard to
make themselves happy.
• “I may be short, but I have good skin.”
4.2.2. The Functions of Associative Meanings
This study finds several functions of associative meanings: connotative
meanings is used to deliver the experience in the real world to associate with the
expression when someone heard it or used it; stylistic meaning is used to deliver
the stylistic style which appears in language; affective meaning is used to
communicate the feeling or emotion of the speaker itself; reflected meaning is
used to deliver the new sense of a word that relates to another phenomenon in the
same expression; then collocative meaning is used to convey the associate of
words which tend to occur in the environment.

4.3. Implications
Associative meanings can be elicited according to each function. This
study is appropriate to interest the addressees or readers in formal or non formal
situation. In other word, associative meanings can be found in both oral and
written expressions. This study found that it has a little relation between the types
and the functions of associative meanings because the functions of associative
meanings is the reflection of the types of associative meanings itself. The result,
the writer or speaker uses associative meanings to perform its functions which are
related to the world.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter presents conclusions of the study about the types and
functions of associative meanings. This part also presents suggestions for future
researchers who are interested in this study.
5.1. Conclusion
Based on the findings and discussions in the previous chapter, the
researcher concludes that there are several types of associative meanings in the
Profile section of the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine: connotative meaning is
communicated by virtue of what language refers to; stylistic meaning is
communicated of the social circumstances of language use; affective meaning is
communicated feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer; reflected meaning is
communicated through association with another sense in the same expression; and
collocative meaning is communicated with words which tend to occur in the
environment of another word. All five associative meanings are performed in the
text of Profile section in which each magazine is issued.
Then, there are also several functions from the associative meanings in the
Profile section of Weekender magazine. The researcher finds different functions
of associative meanings based on different types of associative meanings:
connotative meaning function to deliver the experience in the real world to
associate the expression when someone heard it or used it; stylistic meaning

function to deliver the stylistic style which appears in language; affective meaning
function to communicate the feeling or emotion of the speaker itself; reflected
meaning function to deliver the new sense of a word that relates to another
phenomenon in the same expression; and collocative meaning function to convey
the associate of words which tend to occur in the environment.
5.2. Suggestion
After doing this research, the researcher admits that there are some
weaknesses of this study since there are limitations of this study. Therefore, there
are some suggestions for the next researchers to continue this study in order to
give contributions concerning associative meanings.
This study is related to other linguistic knowledge such as discourse or
sociolinguistics since meaning can be explored in that knowledge especially
associative meanings which can be found in spoken or written language. Then, to
understand the associative meanings it can be analyzed using different theories.
Future researchers can use other objects related to spoken or written language
either formal or informal language.
Hopefully, this research can be guidance or inspiration for the next
researchers who are interested in studying meaning especially associative
meanings. They should be more patience, carefulness, and seriously doing the
research since it needs hard efforts and onward process. The more data and
theories of associative meanings collected, the more meaningful discussions will
be.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aminuddin. 1988. Semantik: Pengantar Studi Tentang Makna. Bandung: Penerbit
C.V. Sinar Baru Bandung.
Bloomfield, Leornard. 1969. Language. ----, ----.
Crystal, David. 1987. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Melbourne,
Australia: Cambridge University Press.
Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University. ----.
Professor Geoffrey Leech. Retrieved 12th
September, 2009, from
http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/profiles/296.
Djajasudarma, Fatimah. T. 1999. Semantik 1: Pemahaman Ilmu Makna. Bandung:
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Finch, Geoffrey. 1998. How to Study Linguistics. Hongkong: Machmillan.
Hardhini, Wahyu. 2003. Cognitive and Associative Meaning Analysis of Body
Care Advertisement on TV Commercial. Unpublished Thesis. Petra
Christian University Surabaya.
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Leech, Geoffrey. 1974. Semantics. New York, U.S.A: Penguin.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1974. Semantik. Translated by Paina Partana. 2003. Yogyakarta:
Pustaka Pelajar.
Lyons, John. 1984. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Melbourne:
Cambridge University Press.
Michaelis, Laura. A. ---. Word Meaning, Sentence Meaning, and Syntactic
Meaning. (pp.1-47).
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semantics and pragmatics, (pp.127-139).
Palmer, F.R. 1981. Semantics. Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press.
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jurnalistik/.
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from http://theunspunblog.com/2007/01/30/the-jakarta-posts-
weekender/.
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Unpublished Thesis. The State University of Semarang.

Appendix 1
List of Data selected
No. Months The Sentences of associative meanings
1 October, 2009 It was, naturally, an unhappy undertaking for him – it
included watching the thousands of motorcycles that
passed by his office every morning and watching an
infinite loop of Spongebob Squarepants – but he found
that people in Jakarta, other than himself, are mostly jolly
crowd, whatever the city’s shortcomings.
2 Millions of people stream into Jakarta every day just to
find happiness.
3 Lately, capitalism has come up with its own definition of
happiness to tempt consumers to buy products.
4 When I first started the project I did not have any clue
what happiness meant.
5 But I later found out that happiness has some indicators.
I learned from this project that happiness is something
that can be learned the same way we learn to play ping
pong or use the computer.
6 If we exercise a lot, we can easily be happy.
7 But I also believe that happiness is what we make of it.
8 Christiano Ronaldo may be the richest soccer player in
the world, but I believe he is as happy as the kid I play
futsal with when both score goal.
9 I believe the past has an important role in building our
happiness.
10 We should also be able to tell the difference between
what we need and what we want; this is one step to reach
happiness.
11 And I began to think that the true source of happiness is
in fact our happiness.
12 I also found that we can happy about other’s
unhappiness.
13 In this country, there are too many people living well
below the poverty line, but these people manage to
survive.
14 In the late 1990s, we suffered the greatest financial crisis,
which I think would take the United States 50 years to
recover from.
15 As a big city, Jakarta is practically uninhabitable but we
merrily crowd together.

16 In terms of material advancement, Singapore is ahead of
us, but to me it’s like a dead city.
17 I don’t think it will do much to increase happiness level
18 I believe the unpredictable nature of life here has helped
the ferment of creativity.
19 But I also believe that happiness can be found in the most
unlikely places, bars, brothels, soccer stadiums or rock
concerts.
20 I don’t always pray but I get really serious in my prayer
after I neglect it for some time.
21 The reason I started this art project is because I am an
unhappy person.
22 I am easily depressed and have problems concentrating.
23 I am also an ambitious person
24 They look like happy people to me, but they have to try
pretty hard to make themselves happy.
25 Nopember,
2009
I know I’m short – live with it!
26 It’s being a short person that fuels her determination to
succeed among the big boys and girls, she says.
27 It’s not just in my work, but also in sports.
28 So I wanted to be on the basketball team even though
people said I couldn’t hello!
29 The other short part of her is her temper; she admits it is
clear to everybody around her when she is not in good
short.
30 Regardless of her height, or short and fiery personality
traits, she also has the good looks that are essential in the
entertainment business.
31 “I always think that God is fair,” she says.
32 I may be short, but I have good skin.
33 Melissa, who grew up in what she describes as a
“typically Chinese family” of a father who was a used car
salesman and a mother who runs a small home catering
business, does not go for that naïve if well- intentioned
viewpoint.
34 For me, we are different.
35 I used to get mad when people would call me Amoy (a
term for ethnic Chinese women), but the thing is I am
Amoy.
36 Educated people won’t say like that – they realize we’re
different, so what?
37 So he must have recognized the nascent potential in the
young, then overweight, college student, or perhaps a
kindred spirit of someone with smarts and sass.

38 “Basically that was where I learned everything,” says
Melissa.
39 I learned about writing scripts, the formula for putting
together a show.
40 I was doing my running away from home thing at the
time, and living in the Kebon Kacang low-cost
apartments.
41 “Don’t you dare tell clients you live there, it’s too
embarrassing, just say you live in Peanut Garden
apartments if they ask.”
42 I was puzzled in a way, because I have no background
whatsoever in writing.
43 I mean, I love writing, but my only experience was
writing emcee scripts for Indra or sometimes articles.
44 I said, “well, if you’re willing to teach me from minus 10,
and you have the time and the patience, I’m willing to
learn, because I always want to learn something new.”
45 I’ve been so lucky that I’ve had the best mentors.
46 I salute them as having the courage that I don’t.
47 I don’t sleep a lot, so I read, do a lot of research, I’m
basically a workaholic.
48 We’re mature enough to realize marriage is a partnership,
it takes a lot of work to make it work… if it was hard for
my friends to imagine me getting married, even Ralph.
49 “So I could just walk not to talk.”
50 “Wherever he is, I just hope he’s having a blast,” she
says.

Appendix 2
List of Data
No. Sentences
The Types of Associative Meanings
Functions
Connotative
Meaning
Stylistic
Meaning
Affective
Meaning
Reflected
Meaning
Collocative
Meaning
1 Millions of people
stream into Jakarta
every day just to find
happiness.
• To communicate the
experience in the real
world to associate with the
expression when someone
heard it or use it.
• To deliver the new sense of
a word that relates to
another phenomenon in the
same expression.
2 Lately, capitalism has
come up with its own
definition of
happiness to tempt
consumers to buy
products.
To deliver the stylistic style
which is appears in language.
3 They look like happy
people to me, but they
have to try pretty hard
feeling or emotion of the
speaker or writer itself.

to make themselves
happy.
• To convey the associate of
words which tend to occur
in the environment.
4 “I may be short, but I
have good skin.”
• To convey the associate of
words which tend to occur
in the environment.
5 Melissa, who grew up
in what she describes
as a “typically
Chinese family” of a
father who was used
car salesman and a
mother who runs a
small home catering
business, does not go
for the naïve if well-
intentioned viewpoint.
To deliver the new sense of a
word that relates to another
phenomenon in the same
expression.
6 I used to get mad
when people would
call me Amoy (a term
for ethnic Chinese
experience in the real
world to associate with the
expression when someone

women), but the thing
is I am Amoy.
heard it or use it.
7 Educated people
won’t say things like
that – they realize
we’re different, so
what?.
• To deliver the stylistic
style which is appears in
language.

Appendix 3
List of Profile Sections of the Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine
No Months Profile Title
1 October, 2009 Irwan Ahmett, 34, a self-
professed unhappy artist, has been
trying to get happy which his art
project has been running since
2007.
Portrait of an
unhappy artist
2 Nopember,
2009
Melissa Karim who is an
entertainment all-rounder, turning
her hand to everything from radio,
screenwriting for TV and film.
Now, she is as part of the panel of
a popular prime-time magic show.
Tall Order

Appendix 4
The Texts of Profile Sections of the Jakarta Post
Weekender Magazine

CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL IDENTITY
Name : Nur Laili Yusuf
The Place & Date of Birth : Lumajang, on December 12th
1987
Address : Jl. Kelud no.67 Karangsari-Lumajang
Sex status : Female
Marital Status : Single
Religion : Islam
Nationality : Indonesian
Occupation : Student
Email : leily_veil@yahoo.com
Mobile number : 085749506007
II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
NO SCHOOL/UNIVERSITY FROM YEAR TO YEAR
1 MI Miftahul Ulum Maliki Duren-
Dauhan Lor Lumajang
1993 1994
2 MI Miftahul Ulum Wonorejo-Lumajang 1994 1999
3 MTS Miftahul Ulum Wonorejo-
Lumajang
1999 2000
4 MTS Putri Nurul Masyithoh Lumajang 2000 2002
5 SMA Negeri 03 Lumajang 2002 2005
6 Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic
University of Malang
2005 2010
III. ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIENCES
1. The 2nd
chief of Musola Teenagers (REMUSH) Asy-Syuhada’ Senior
High School 03 Lumajang from 2003 to 2004.
2. Dakwah department of The Students Association of Glorious Lumajang
(HIMALAYA) at The State Islamic University of Malang from 2005-
2006.
3. The secretarial department of Advance Debate Community (ADC) at The
State Islamic University of Malang from 2006-2007.
4. Development of intellectual activity of The Students Associations of
Department (HMJ), English Letters and Language Department, at The
State Islamic University of Malang from 2007-2008.
5. The secretary of The Unity of Female Students Nahdlatul Ulama (IPPNU)
at Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang from 2008-
2009.

CURRICULUM VITAE
INFORMANT
I. PERSONAL IDENTITY
Name : Drs. H. Nur Salam, M.Pd
Home- Address : Jl. Gambuta III-H9-Tidar Permai-Malang
Email : stiba_01@yahoo.com
Phone number : (0341) 568684 / 0816555097
Education : a. English Department – IKIP Malang
(1981)
b. Polytechnic Education Development
Center (1983)
c. Australian Language Center (1987)
d. English Language Education of
Graduate Program –Islamic University
of Malang (2005)
Profession : English Lecturer at State Polytechnic of
Malang (1982 – up to now)
Position :
a) Head of General Department – State Polytechnic of Malang (1987 –
1993)
b) Director of “Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer” –
Pusat Pendidikan Indonesia – Amerika (1997 – 2000)
c) Care-taker of “Akademi Perbankan dan Keuangan – Nitro” Malang
(1998 – 2000)
d) Educational Consultant at “Applied Business – Central Service
Network “ –Brawijaya University Malang (2000 – up to now)
e) Assistant Dean for Academic affairs of “STIBA MALANG” (2000
– 2005)
f) Team Leader of Instructional Support System at State Polytechnic of
Malang (up to now)
g) Head of Language Service Unit of State Polytechnic of Malang (up
to now)
h) Program Director of D-pro TOEIC Representative (up to now)
i) Coordinator for Foreign Students Language Program (up to now)
j) Head of Institute for Human Resources Studies and Development
“LAKPESDAM” – DPC NU Kodya Malang (1996 – 2000)
k) General Secretary of Association of Schools of Foreign Languages
in Indonesia (2003 – up to now)
l) Coordinator of “Job Interviewers” in CSN – Brawijaya University
(up to now)

A STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATIVE MEANINGS OF THE JAKARTA POST WEEKENDER MAGAZINE

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