Defination of lift. Characteristics of lift. Importance of lift. Location and lift arrangement. Basic terminology. Types of lift. Defination of escalator. Component of escalator. Incline and transportation height. Types of escalator. Moving walkway—travelator. Working of escalators. Layout of escalators. Size and specifications.

1. Lift and escalators

2. DEFINATION OF LIFT
• A vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people between floors (levels, deck)
of a building, vessel or other structure.
• Generally powered by electric motor that drive by traction cable and
counterweight systems like a hoist or hydraulic pump.
LIFT
CHARACTERISTIC
TYPES OF LIFT
TERMINOLOGY
TYPES OF LIFT CART
TYPES OF LIFT
SELECTING FACTORS
ESCALATORS
COMPONENTS
TYPES OF ESCALATOR
SIZES

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFT
1. Lift needed for the building more than 6 storey.
2. Installation must be in accordance with the regulation in UBBL(Uniform
building by laws).
3. Suitable speed 100 – 150ft/min. Too fast will result in a nervous breakdown to
the user. If too slow will cause lack of function.
 USER REQUIREMENTS :
• Good System – quiet equipment, smooth journey, good condition and safe at
every moment.
• Waiting time – minimum waiting time at any level.
• Aesthetics – Button panel clear and easily reached at appropriate level. Complete
instruction. Decorative lighting and comfortable.
• Movement of door – door movement is quiet and fast.
LIFT
CHARACTERISTIC
TYPES OF LIFT
TERMINOLOGY
TYPES OF LIFT CART
TYPES OF LIFT
SELECTING FACTORS
ESCALATORS
COMPONENTS
TYPES OF ESCALATOR
SIZES

4. IMPORTANCE OF LIFT
• Rapid development : buildings design nowadays built vertically
/higher because of high land cost.
• Basic needs : to bring building user from one level to higher level in
building
• Comfort needs : working efficiency for office building or large
organization.
• Fire requirements : provide fire lift to be used during fire.
LOCATION & LIFT’S ARRANGMENT
1. To ensure there is no interference between passengers who wish to get into the lift.
2. Should be carefully planned so can easily get into lobby and travel distance is reasonable.
3. Maximum travel distance 150 – 200ft
4. System layout depends on the number of elevator cars that use the elevator
5. Normally the elevator is set in the layout or zoned.
LIFT
CHARACTERISTIC
TYPES OF LIFT
TERMINOLOGY
TYPES OF LIFT CART
TYPES OF LIFT
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ESCALATORS
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5. Traction drive : Lift whose lifting ropes are
driven by friction in the grooves of the driving
sheave of the machine.
Trailing cable : Flexible cable providing
electrical connection between the lift car and a
fixed point or points.
Bottom clearance : The distance, including
buffer compression, the platforms could travel
below the bottom landing until the full weight
of the car, when loaded, rests on the buffer.
Buffers, of the oil or spring type : are fixed at
the bottom of the pit, one immediately in line
with centre of the car, the other in line with the
counterweight at the extreme lower limit of
travel.
BASIC TERMINOLOGY
LIFT
CHARACTERISTIC
TYPES OF LIFT
TERMINOLOGY
TYPES OF LIFT CART
TYPES OF LIFT
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ESCALATORS
COMPONENTS
TYPES OF ESCALATOR
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6. Enclosure: The walled structure which encloses the lift. The walls should be highly fire
resistant; those are 215mm brickwork, with exception of the external wall, which is 328
mm thick. It is a protected shaft.
Landing call push : A push button provide at a landing for actuating the call indicator.
BASIC TERMINOLOGY
LIFT
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TYPES OF LIFT
TERMINOLOGY
TYPES OF LIFT CART
TYPES OF LIFT
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ESCALATORS
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Controller : A group of devices,
mounted on a panel, which governs the
motion, direction of travel, speed and
stopping.
Counterweight or balance-weight:
A unit, consisting of steel weights,
which counter balance the weight of
the car and a portion of the load, and to
which the suspension ropes are
attached

7. BASIC TERMINOLOGY
Guide rails : These, fixed truly vertical in the
shaft, are of steel and serve to guide the
movement of both car and counterweight. Guide-
rail shoes, fixed to the car and counterweight,
engage in and traverse the guide rails during
movement.
Machine room : This usually located at the top of
the shaft and accommodates the winding machine,
etc.
Suspension ropes : these consist of strands of
steel wire by which the car and counterweight are
suspended.
Top clearance :The vertical distance between the
top car attachment and the bottom of the diverting
pulley or any steelwork supporting equipment;
there must be an adequate margin between this
and the car will not contact the diverting pulley or
steelwork.
LIFT
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8. TYPES OF LIFT
Drive Force
Hydraulic Electric
LIFT
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9. 1. HYDRAULIC LIFT
• Use hydraulics principles – moves by the action of steel plunger lift which installed
under the car.
• Not suitable for building > 60ft (low rise) – insufficient space or roof rooms too small
to put the machinery.
• Installation does not increase the building structures because lifting weight is not used.
• Machinery room located at ground floor
• Shaft area is smaller than electric lift.
Bottom view of a hydraulic elevator
Bottom view of a hydraulic elevator
LIFT
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10. COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC LIFT
This lift consists mainly of 4 components.
COMPONENTS
TANK
MOTOR
VALVE
ACTUATOR
•Holds the liquid used in the system
•This liquid is usually oil based because:
oNon compressible
oSelf lubricating
•Constantly puts water into the system
•Push oil into the cylinder to lift the
elevator
•Lets water out of the system.
•Keeps the pressure low when open.
•Increases pressure when closed.
•device that transfers fluid or electrical
energy into mechanical energy.
•A piston because it moves up and down.
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11. WORKING OF HYDRAULIC LIFT
Hydraulic elevators operate on a simple principle. They lift a car by using a hydraulic ram,
which is a fluid-driven piston inside a cylinder.
 The cylinder is connected to a system that pumps fluid, typically oil. The hydraulic elevator
system consists of a tank, or fluid reservoir; a pump that is powered by an electric motor; and a
valve located between the cylinder and the reservoir.
The pump forces fluid from the reservoir tank into the cylinder. When the valve is closed, the
fluid flows into the cylinder, the pressure pushes the piston up, and the elevator car rises.
When the elevator is nearing the desired floor, the control system sends a signal to the
electric motor to gradually turn off the pump.
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12. The fluid stops flowing into the cylinder, but the
fluid that is already in the cylinder is trapped there
because the valve is closed.
The piston rests on the fluid, which holds the car in
place. When a person wants to lower the elevator car,
the electric motor sends a signal to the valve via a
solenoid switch.
When the valve is opened, the fluid in the cylinder
flows back into the reservoir. The weight of the car
pushes down on the piston, which forces the fluid
into the reservoir and causes the car to descend.
When the elevator car approaches the desired floor,
the control system closes the valve, which causes the
car to stop. Hydraulic elevators are becoming a
popular feature in many homes.
They can greatly improve the mobility of senior
citizens and people with disabilities, allowing them
to enjoy comfort and safety at home.
LIFT
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WORKING OF HYDRAULIC LIFT

13. LIFT
CHARACTERISTIC
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TERMINOLOGY
TYPES OF LIFT CART
TYPES OF LIFT
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ESCALATORS
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14. 2. ELECTRIC(MACHINE) LIFT
• Common type used today.
• Use electric lift cable to lift the
elevator car with the weight and
movement is the catalyst action.
• Use the traction with the motor.
• Used in most building > 60ft.
• Motor room on top of lift shaft will
increase the load of building structure.
• Possibility of noise structure
• Need a lift wells and maintenance
room near the engine room.
Traction elevator motor
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15. COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC LIFT
• It consists mainly of 4 components,
COMPONENTS
ELECTRIC MOTOR
SHEAVE
COUNTER WEIGHT
GUIDING RAIL
•a pulley with a grooves around the
circumference.
•grips the hoist ropes, so when you rotate
the sheave, the ropes move too.
•Connected to the motor
•Sheave rotates with the help of motor.
hangs on the other side of the sheave.
it weighs about the same as the car filled
to 40-percent capacity.
Connected with the ropes
•Are along the sides of the elevator shaft.
•keep the car and counterweight from
swaying back and forth.
•also work with the safety system to stop
the car in an emergency.
LIFT
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16. WORKING OF ELECTRIC LIFT
• Most elevators work just like a pulley. A very strong
metal rope is joined to the top of the elevator car
and goes up through a “sheave” in the engine room
above the elevator.
• The sheave is like a pulley wheel with grooves in it
to hold the rope tightly. On the other side of the
rope is a weight, which is about as heavy as the
elevator car when it is half full.
• This balances the car, so that not too much energy is
needed to move it.
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17. WORKING OF ELECTRIC LIFT
• Both the weight and the elevator car are held in
place by guide rails at the sides of the elevator
shaft (the tunnel the elevator is in).
• A motor can turn the wheel in either direction
so that the elevator either goes up or down
(with the weight doing the opposite).
• When you push the button inside the elevator,
you activate the motor. When the motor stops,
the grooves in the pulley wheel keep the rope
in place so the elevator stops moving.
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18. LIFT
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19. ELECTRIC LIFT
Traction Hydraulic
•lifted by ropes, which pass over a
wheel attached to an electric motor
above the elevator shaft.
•supported by a piston at the bottom
of the elevator that pushes the
elevator up as an electric motor
forces oil or another hydraulic fluid
into the piston.
•used for mid and high-rise
applications.
•Much higher travel speed than
hydraulic.
•used for low-rise applications of 2-8
stories.
•Principle : see - saw •Principle : Pascal’s pressure
principle
•Components : control system,
sheave, motor, counterweight,
guiding rail.
•Components : tank, motor, valve,
actuator.
•The machine room is located at the
upper most level, i.e., on the terrace.
•The machine room is located at the
lowest level adjacent to the elevator
shaft.
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20. TYPES OF LIFTS
1. Passenger elevator
2. Stretcher elevator
3. Goods elevators
4. Panoramic elevators
5. Capsule elevators
6. Glass elevators
7. Automobile elevators
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21. TYPES OF LIFTS
• Passenger elevator - Elevator are the main transportation
arteries in the modern building and are vital in
determining a building's economic success. All types of
passenger lifts of different capacity and speed.
LIFT
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22. TYPES OF LIFTS
• Stretcher elevator- Stretcher elevator
also cater to the health sector by
providing specialized range of Stretcher
Elevators suited for application in
hospitals, health centres and other similar
places. A Stretcher Elevator provides
highly stable and smooth operation as it
utilizes inverter control technology and
lowest noise mechanism. With blurring
logic and group control of these
Elevators, the waiting time is also
reduced. These highly spacious Elevators
can easily accommodate stretchers and
other medical equipment
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23. TYPES OF LIFTS
• Goods elevators - Goods Elevators are used in different industries for lifting heavy goods
and items. These goods elevators are precision designed to have excellent lifting capacity &
maintenance less working mechanism. Offered at industry leading prices, it make sure that
the work orders for these goods lifts are executed with in the shortest time.
LIFT
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24. • Panoramic elevators - panoramic elevators , panoramic lift are designed basically for
malls and other commercials buildings. It has an overlook over other elevators. Visible
on one side and to step aside on the floors of your will on the other side. Built in speed
very high, comfort level exclusive and excitement of viewing the on-goings of the place
your at is an addition to the developments of these machines. Traveling on Panoramic
elevators , panoramic lift is a treat, the furniture and the view is not some that can be
explained.
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TYPES OF LIFTS

25. Capsule elevators - Capsule
Elevators act as Architectural
highlights on prestigious buildings.
They can be called the ornaments of a
building as they enhance its beauty
and bring life into it. Its design,
features and infinite options add its
optimum travel comfort. It has
aesthetically attractive interiors with
large glass viewing panel. Capsule
lifts demand specialized knowledge
and had the experience at its best.
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TYPES OF LIFTS

26. Glass elevators - Glass elevators from skylark combine speed, efficiency, simplicity and easy
maintenance at competitive prices. these elevators are intended for use in residential apartments,
hotels, banks and similar applications, where the ease of use by individuals is important. Is
available with variable voltage, variable frequency drive systems as options enabling perfect
levelling and energy efficiency.
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TYPES OF LIFTS

27. • Automobile elevators - A car elevator is
installed where ramps are considered
space-in conservative. Car elevators are
usually used in parking the vehicles at
different floors, automobile show rooms,
automobile service centers etc. The car
elevator usually has got the entrance on
opposite sides so that the car can enter
from one end and leave from the opposite
end.
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TYPES OF LIFTS

28. SELECTING FACTORS
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
• Utility – The function must be identified whether for commercial, office of
hospital.
• Capacity & number of lifts – depends on the access building pattern and
building size.
• Speed – depends on the number of stops, numbers of user and transport
cost.
• Type & size of lift gate – depends on the use or function.
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
• Size of lift shaft – depends on lift cargo capacity
• Depth of lift shaft – depends on the speed of elevator
• Area of space in lift – depends on speed of elevators.
• Mechanical room size – depends on type and size of the lift equipment.
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29. ESCALATORS
• An escalator is a moving staircase – a conveyor transport device for carrying people
between floors of a building.
• The device consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up or
down on tracks, allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.
• Escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in places where elevators
would be impractical. Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls,
airports, transit systems, convention centers, hotels, arenas, stadiums and public
buildings.
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30. COMPONENTS OF ESCALATORS
1. Landing platform: These two platforms house the curved sections of the tracks, as well
as the gears and motors that drive the stairs. The top platform contains the motor
assembly and the main drive gear, while the bottom holds the step return idler sprockets
2. Floor plate: It provides a place for the passengers to stand before they step onto the
moving stairs. This plate is flush with the finished floor and is either hinged or removable to
allow easy access to the machinery below.
3. Deck board: These are used for preventing clothing from getting caught and other such
problems.
1. .
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31. COMPONENTS OF ESCALATORS
4. Steps: The steps themselves are solid, one piece, die-cast aluminum or steel. The steps are linked by a
continuous metal chain that forms a closed loop. The front and back edges of the steps are each
connected to two wheels. The rear wheels are set further apart to fit into the back track and the front
wheels have shorter axles to fit into the narrower front track. These are basically moving platform on
which escalator passengers ride.
5.Truss: The truss is a hollow metal structure that bridges the lower and upper landings. It is composed of
two side sections joined together with cross braces across the bottom and just below the top. The ends
of the truss are attached to the top and bottom landing platforms via steel or concrete supports. The
truss carries all the straight track
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32. COMPONENTS OF ESCALATORS
6. Handrail: The handrail provides a convenient
handhold for passengers while they are riding
the escalator. In an escalator, the handrail is
pulled along its track by a chain that is
connected to the main drive gear by a series of
pulleys. It is constructed of four distinct
sections. At the center of the handrail is a
"slider", also known as a "glider ply", which is
a layer of a cotton or synthetic textile.
7. Balustrade: The side of an escalator extending
above the Steps, which includes Skirt Guard,
Interior Panel, Deck Board and Moving
Handrails.
8. Tracks: The track system is built into the
truss to guide the step chain, which
continuously pulls the steps from the bottom
platform and back to the top in an endless loop
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33. • An escalator consists of top and bottom landing platforms connected by a metal
truss.
TOP PLATFORM BOTTOM PLATFORM
The top platform contains the
motor assembly and the main drive gear.
The bottom platform holds the step
return idler sprockets
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34. INCLINE AND TRANSPORTATION HEIGHT
• Generally designed on an incline of 27.3, 30, 35 degrees.
• 35 degree escalator is most effective since it requires least amount of space.
This incline is applicable to a total transportation height of 6m
• If the height is more than 6m than incline of 27.3 should be given
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35. TYPES OF ESCALATORS
ESCALATORS
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
HIGH SPEED
WALK WAY INCLINED
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36. MOVING WALKWAYS - TRAVELATOR
• a slow moving conveyor mechanism that transports people across a horizontal or inclined
plane over a short to medium distance.
• can be used by standing or walking on them. They are often installed in pairs, one for each
direction.
• are built in one of two basic styles:
• Pallet type — a continuous series of flat metal plates join together to form a walkway.
Most have a metal surface.
• Moving belt — these are generally built with mesh metal belts or rubber walking surfaces
over metal rollers.
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37. MOVING WALKWAYS - TRAVELATOR
High speed walkways
•Using the high-speed walkway is like using any other moving walkway,
except that for safety there are special procedures to follow when joining or
leaving.
•riders must have at least one hand free to hold the handrail, those carrying
bags, shopping, etc., or must use the ordinary walkway nearby.
•On entering, there is a 10-metre acceleration zone where the 'ground' is a
series of metal rollers. Riders stand still with both feet on these rollers and let
it pull them so that they glide over the rollers.
Inclined moving walkways
•It is used to move people to another floor so that people can take along
their suitcase trolley or shopping cart, or baby carriage.
•The carts have either a brake that is automatically applied, strong magnets
in the wheels to stay adhered to the floor, or specially designed wheels that
secure the cart within the grooves of the ramp, so that wheeled items travel
alongside the riders and do not slip away.
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38. MOVING WALKWAYS - TRAVELATOR
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39. WORKING OF ESCALATORS
The core of an escalator is a pair of chains, looped around two pairs of gears
& an electric motor runs it.
The motor and chain system are housed inside the truss, a metal structure
extending between two floors.
As the chains move, the steps always stay level.
At the top and bottom of the escalator, the steps collapse on each other,
creating a flat platform. This makes it easier to get on and off the escalator.
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40. LAYOUT
 Generally designed and arranged in 3 layouts:
 Crisscross layout
 Multiple parallel layout
 Parallel layout
Parallel: up and down escalators "side by
side or separated by a distance", seen often in
metro stations and multilevel motion picture
theaters.
Crisscross: It minimizes structural space
requirements by "stacking" escalators that go
in one direction, it is frequently used in
department stores or shopping centers.
Multiple parallel: Two or more escalators
together that travel in one direction next to
one or two escalators in the same bank that
travel in the other direction.
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TYPES OF LIFT
SELECTING FACTORS
ESCALATORS
COMPONENTS
TYPES OF ESCALATOR
SIZES

41. SIZES AND SPECIFICATION
Category Width
(mm)
Power
(hp)
Application
Very Small 400 5.0 Very old departmental stores
Small 600 5.0 Low volume sites, uppermost
level dept. stores
Medium 800 10.1 1passenger +1package
Shopping malls, smaller airports
Large 1000 10.1 Metro systems, Large airports,
Train stations
LIFT
CHARACTERISTIC
TYPES OF LIFT
TERMINOLOGY
TYPES OF LIFT CART
TYPES OF LIFT
SELECTING FACTORS
ESCALATORS
COMPONENTS
TYPES OF ESCALATOR
SIZES