Oceania is a geographic region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania has a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres (3,291,903 sq mi) and a population of over 41 million. When compared to continents, the region of Oceania is the smallest in land area and the second smallest in population after Antarctica. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and human development index, to the much less developed economies such as Papua New Guinea, Indonesian New Guinea, Kiribati, Vanuatu and Tuvalu, while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Palau, Fiji and Tonga.The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, and the largest city is Sydney.

1. OCEANIA
Submitted by :
Jayaram. D
1st year MTTM

2. OCEANIA
 Oceania is a geographic region that includes
Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.
 Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres,
Oceania has a land area of 8,525,989 square
kilometers (3,291,903 sq mi).
 When compared to continents, the region of Oceania
is the smallest in land area and the second smallest
in population after Antarctica.
 The largest and most populous country in Oceania is
Australia, and the largest city is Sydney.

3.  Australia
 Papua New Guinea
 New Zealand
 Fiji
 Soloman Islands
 Micronesia
 Vanuatu
 Samoa
 Kiribati
 Tonga
 Marshall Islands
 Palau
 Tuvalu
 Nauru

4. AUSTRALIA

5. AUSTRALIA
 Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and
nearby islands who migrated from Africa to Asia around 70,000 years ago.
 They are believed to be among the earliest human migrations out of Africa.
 Although they likely migrated to Australia through Southeast Asia they are not
demonstrably related to any known Asian or Polynesian population.
 There is evidence of genetic and linguistic interchange between Australians in the far
north and the Austronesian peoples of modern-day New Guinea and the islands, but
this may be the result of recent trade and intermarriage.


6. TOURISM
 Tourism in Australia is an important part of the Australian economy, and consists of
domestic and international components.
 In the financial year 2014/15, tourism represented 3.0% of Australia's GDP contributing
A$47.5 billion to the national economy.
 Domestic tourism is a significant part of the tourism industry, representing 73% of the total
direct tourism GDP.

 Popular Australian destinations include the coastal cities of Sydney, Brisbane and
Melbourne, as well as other high-profile destinations including regional Queensland, the
Gold Coast and the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest reef.
 The unique Australian wildlife is also another significant point of interest in the country's
tourism.

7. Great Barrier Reef
Sydney Opera House
Uluru-Kata Tjuta
National Park
Blue
Mountains
National Park Bondi Beach
MAJOR ATTRACTIONS

8. Great Barrier Reef
 The World Heritage-listed Great Barrier Reef is one of the largest living
structures on the planet.
 In 1975, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park was established to protect its
fragile ecosystems, which include more than 3,000 coral reefs; 600 continental
islands, including the beautiful Whitsunday group; 300 coral cays; and inshore
mangrove islands.
One of the seven wonders of the natural world, the park stretches for 2,300
kilometers along the state of Queensland, on Australia's east coast (that's about
the distance between Mexico and Vancouver).
 The astounding array of marine life includes soft and hard corals, more than
1,600 species of tropical fish, sharks, dugongs, dolphins, turtles, rays, and giant
clams.

9. Sydney Opera House
 Sydney opera house is shaped like huge shells or billowing sails, this famous
building on Sydney's Bennelong Point graces the list of UNESCO World Heritage
Sites and is one of the world's great architectural icons.
 The location is stunning and water surrounds the structure on three sides, and the
Royal Botanic Gardens border it to the south.
 Danish architect, Jørn Utzon won an international competition for its design but
withdrew from the project after technical and financing problems.
 Construction was finally completed in 1973 at a cost ten times the original budget.
By this time, Utzon had left the country never returning to see his magnificent
creation.

10. Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
 Deep in the heart of Australia's Red Centre, Uluru (formerly Ayers Rock), is one
of the most photographed natural wonders in the country.
 The striking red monolith forms the centerpiece of Uluru-Kata Tjuta National
Park, a World Heritage Area jointly managed by Parks Australia and the
traditional landowners, the Aṉangu people.
 Uluru, meaning "shadowy place" in the local aboriginal dialect, rises to a height
of 348 meters from the surrounding plain, with most of its bulk hidden beneath
the earth's surface.
 Also in the park are the red dome-shaped rocks called Kata Tjuta (the Olgas). As
the sun dips in the sky, sightseers gather to watch the colors of Uluru and Kata
Tjuta transform in the shifting light.

11. Blue Mountains National Park
 A UNESCO World Heritage Site, beautiful Blue Mountains National Park lies 81
kilometers west of Sydney and is a popular day trip from the city.
 Named for the blue haze emanating from the many eucalyptus trees, this stunning
park protects more than 664,000 acres of wilderness and encompasses dramatic
gorges, waterfalls, aboriginal rock paintings, and 140 kilometers of hiking trails.
 The most famous attractions in the park are the towering sandstone rock
formations called the Three Sisters.
 Other highlights include the Katoomba Scenic Railway, the world's steepest, which
whisks passengers down the Jamison Valley through a cliff-side tunnel into an
ancient rainforest, and the Skyway, Scenic Cableway, and Scenic Walkway, which
all offer elevated views of the dense forests.

12. Kangaroo Island
 Nature takes center stage at beautiful Kangaroo Island off the Fleurieu Peninsula
in South Australia.
 Kangaroos hop along the powdery shores, sea lions and penguins frolic in the
crystal-clear waters, and koalas cling to the fragrant eucalyptus trees.
 The striking, wind-sculpted rock formations, known as the Remarkable Rocks and
Admirals Arch in Flinders Chase National Park are other distinctive features of the
island.
 Foodies, too, will be in heaven. Creamy cheeses, Ligurian honey, and fresh
seafood grace the plates in local restaurants. To get there, one can fly direct to the
island from Adelaide or catch a ferry from Cape Jervis on the Fleurieu Peninsula.

13. Bondi Beach
 Bondi Beach is home to one of the oldest surf life saving clubs in the world. It's
also a great spot for a seaside stroll or picnic, and crowds of tourists and locals
gather here to celebrate Christmas and ring in the New Year.
 A great way to soak up the sea views is to stroll along the scenic Bondi to Bronte
coastal walk, which begins at the southern end of the beach and follows the
coastline for six kilometers along sandstone cliffs.
 Other attractions around the beach include the Sunday markets, ocean pool, and
skate park.
 Strong rip tides often sweep unsuspecting swimmers out to sea, especially at the
southern end of this kilometer-long strand, so swimmers should stay between the
flags.

14. Chicken Parmigiana
CUISINE
Barbecued snags (aka sausages)
Pavlova

15. NEW ZEALAND

16. NEW ZEALAND
 New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main
landmasses—the North Islandand the South Island —and more than 700 smaller islands.
 New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea
and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga.
 The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps,
owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions.
 New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.
 A developed country, New Zealand ranks highly in international comparisons, particularly in
education, protection of civil liberties, government transparency, and economic freedom.

17. TOURISM
 Tourism in New Zealand comprises an important sector of the national economy – it
directly contributed NZ$16.2 billion (or 5.8%) of the country's GDP in the year ended
March 2019.
 In 2016 tourism supported 188,000 full-time-equivalent jobs (nearly 7.5% of New
Zealand's workforce). The flow-on effects of tourism indirectly contribute a further
4.3% of GDP (or NZ$9.8 billion).
 New Zealand markets itself abroad as a "clean, green" adventure-playground (Tourism
New Zealand's main marketing slogan, "100% Pure New Zealand", reflects this) .
 Australia is by far the largest source of New Zealand's international tourists (about
45%), due to its close proximity (3-4 hours by plane) and traditional good relations.
Mainland China, the United States and the United Kingdom are the next three largest
markets.

18. MAJOR ATTRACTIONS
Queenstown,
South Island
Napier, Hawke's Bay,
North Island
Auckland, North
Island
Coromandel Peninsula,
North Island
Kaikoura, South
Island
Fox and Franz
Josef Glaciers,
South Island

19. Queenstown, South Island
 Snuggled between the shores of shimmering Lake Wakatipu and the snowy
peaks of the Remarkables, Queenstown is New Zealand's adventure capital and
one of the country's top destinations for international visitors.
 Bungee jumping, jet boating, white water rafting, paragliding, rock climbing,
mountain biking, and downhill skiing are just some of the adrenaline-fueled things
to do here.
 In addition to the adventure sports, Queenstown offers all the creature comforts,
with first-class hotels, spas, restaurants, galleries, and shops.
 It's also a great base for sightseeing trips to the Central Otago region, where
visitors can explore gold-mining towns and the Middle Earth scenery from the
popular Lord of the Rings movies.

20. Napier, Hawke's Bay, North Island
 In the sunny region of Hawke's Bay, Napier is famous for its gourmet food and
Art Deco architecture.
 After a powerful earthquake destroyed the town in 1931, it was rebuilt in the
Spanish Mission style and Art Deco design for which Miami Beach is also
famous.
 Today, fun things for visitors to do include taking a self-guided tour to view these
buildings, some of which are embellished with Maori motifs, or spending time at
Napier Beach.
 Along the Marine Parade seafront promenade lies the town's famous statue from
Maori mythology, called Pania of the Reef.

21. Auckland, North Island
 Blessed with two sparkling harbors, Auckland, the "City of Sails," is New
Zealand's largest city and the most populous Polynesian city in the world
(population = 1.6 million).
 Blond- and black-sand beaches, rain forest hiking trails, picturesque coves,
islands, and volcanoes surround the city, making it a perfect base for day trips
and wilderness adventures.
 To appreciate Auckland's stunning location, visitors can zoom up the 328-meter
Sky Tower for spectacular views across the city and hinterland.
 Other fun things to do in Auckland include enjoying its top-notch dining, sampling
its vibrant arts scene, and a revamped waterfront district packed with boutiques
and restaurants.

22. Coromandel Peninsula, North Island
 Just across the Hauraki Gulf from Auckland, the rugged Coromandel Peninsula
seems a world away from the city's hustle and bustle.
 Craggy mountains cloaked in native forest form a spine along the peninsula,
offering excellent opportunities for hiking and birding.
 Other fun things to do for tourists include relaxing on the golden beaches, sea
kayaking around the offshore islands, sky diving, and visiting the many galleries
and art studios.
 At Hot Water Beach, a dip in the bubbling hot pools is a great way to end a busy
day of sightseeing.

23. Kaikoura, South Island
 Birders, wildlife enthusiasts, and seafood aficionados will love the charming
coastal village of Kaikoura.
 Tucked between the Seaward Kaikoura Range and the Pacific Ocean, Kaikoura
offers excellent coastal hikes and popular whale watching tours.
 In addition to sperm whales and humpbacks, passengers may spot fur seals,
dolphins, and a wide variety of birds including the graceful albatross.

24. Fox and Franz Josef Glaciers, South Island
 Among the most accessible glaciers in the world, Franz Josef and Fox glaciers
are the main tourist attractions in spectacular Westland Tai Poutini National Park.
 Both of these rivers of ice flow from some of the highest peaks in the Southern
Alps to near sea level, where the gentle coastal climate makes it easy for visitors
to explore them on foot.
 Guided hikes lead to the contorted frozen landscape of ice caves and pinnacles at
the foot of the glaciers, plus a series of fascinating hot pools. For an aerial view,
seaplanes and helicopters fly visitors to the top of these vast tongues of ice.

25. CUISINE
Hangi Savoury Pies Kiwi Burger

26. FIGI

27. FIGI
 Fiji , officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the
South Pacific Ocean.
 It lies about 1,100 nautical miles (2,000 km; 1,300 mi) northeast of New Zealand. Fiji
consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands.
 The most outlying island group is Ono-i-Lau. About 87% of the total population of 883,483
live on the two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu.
 The majority of Fiji's islands were formed by volcanic activity starting around 150 million
years ago. Some geothermal activity still occurs today on the islands of Vanua Levu and
Taveuni.

28. TOURISM
 Fiji has a significant amount of tourism with the popular regions being Nadi, the Coral Coast,
Denarau Island, and Mamanuca Islands.
 The biggest sources of international visitors by country are Australia, New Zealand and the
United States.
 Fiji has a significant number of soft coral reefs, and scuba diving is a common tourist activity .
 Fiji's main attractions to tourists are primarily white sandy beaches and aesthetically pleasing
islands with all-year-round tropical weather.
 In general, Fiji is a mid-range priced holiday/vacation destination with most of the
accommodations in this range. It also has a variety of world class five-star resorts and hotels.

29. MAJOR ATTRACTIONS
Cloudbreak, Mamanuca
Islands
Bouma National
Heritage Park, Taveuni
Island Denarau Island
Beqa Lagoon,
Viti Levu
Pacific Harbour,
Viti Levu
Great Astrolabe
Reef, Kadavu

30. Cloudbreak, Mamanuca Islands
 Frequently gracing the list of the world's best and most challenging waves for
surfers, Cloudbreak lies on a sheltered reef about two kilometers from Tavarua
Island Resort, near Namotu Island Resort, in the Mamanuca Islands.
 This internationally renowned left reef break speeds up as it barrels over a
shallow reef, dumping a massive volume of water, and it's surfable during all
tides.
 Not surprisingly, the wave is best attempted by expert surfers only. In 2016,
Hawaiian surfer Aaron Gold almost drowned riding this break.
 The best swell comes from the south/southwest, thanks to the eastern trade
winds, which typically blow between March and October.

31. Bouma National Heritage Park, Taveuni Island
 Nature lovers, hikers, and birders can soak up some of Fiji's lush natural beauty
in Bouma National Heritage Park on the island of Taveuni.
 Established in 1990, the park encompasses about 150 square kilometers of rain
forest, with rare tropical plants and an impressive diversity of birds.
 One can snorkel in the marine park at Waitabu; hike through the rainforest to
ancient ruins near Vidawa; and kayak or stroll the Lavena Coastal Walk,
stopping at waterfalls for a swim along the way.
 A particular highlight of the park are the Tavoro Waterfalls, with three sets of falls
maintained by the nearby Korovou village, where you can swim in the cool
volcanic pools and capture photos of the veil-like streams of water gushing down
the rockfaces.

32. Denarau Island
 This tourist hot spot is a one-stop hub for shopping, dining, and Fiji entertainment,
about 20 minutes from Nadi's international airport.
 Port Denarau Marina here is the launching point for a range of tours and
activities. Snorkeling, sailing, jet skiing - one can book it all here.
 The marina is also the departure point for cruises to other islands, like the
Mamanuca and Yasawa chain.
 Golfers can tee off at the palm-studded 18-hole course, with mesmerizing views
of the sea.

33. Beqa Lagoon, Viti Levu
 About 144 kilometers southeast of Nadi, off Pacific Harbour, Beqa (pronounced
"Benga") Lagoon lures avid divers and adventure seekers, many of whom come
here to experience the Beqa Lagoon Shark Dive.
 With stringent safety measures in place, expert local dive operators offer
exhilarating face-to-face encounters with these much-feared creatures in their
natural habitat.
 Coral bommies, pinnacles, and wrecks showcase an impressive diversity of soft
corals and tropical fish, and most sites are in relatively shallow waters not far from
shore.
 Beqa Island, just offshore, is home to the Sawau tribe, who started the famous Fiji
tradition of fire walking, and one can still watch this centuries-old tradition at
ceremonies in nearby resorts.

34. Pacific Harbour, Viti Levu
Less than 50 kilometers from Suva, Pacific Harbour is the self-proclaimed
"Adventure Capital of Fiji."
This upscale enclave of vacation homes and resorts began its life as a residential
canal development in the 1970s, and today, it's evolving into a hot spot for
adrenaline sports.
Popular things to do here include river rafting on the nearby Upper Navua River,
ziplining, jet skiing, surfing, 4WD adventures, and a heart-pumping dive with bull
sharks in Beqa Lagoon.
Accommodation options range from budget hostels to luxury resorts, and the
brand new Pacific Palm Marina is underway, with restaurants, upscale residences,
a golf course, and spa.

35. Great Astrolabe Reef, Kadavu
 Fringing Fiji's fourth largest island, Kadavu, and other small islands in the
Kadavu group, the 100-kilometer-long Great Astrolabe Reef is the fourth largest
barrier reef in the world.
 Divers come here to submerge themselves in an underwater wonderland of
caverns, tunnels, pinnacles, drop-offs, kaleidoscopic hard and soft corals.
 Most of the dive sites are easily accessible by boat from the southern shores of
Kadavu, the currents are typically moderate, and visibility ranges from 10 to 40
meters.
 Anglers can fish in designated areas - the reef is known for its abundance of
billfish species, as well as tuna, mahi mahi, and giant trevally.

36. CUISINE
Kokoda (Fijian raw fish salad) Topoi (Fijian dumplings) Fish Suruwa (fish curry)

37. CULTURE OF FIGI
 The culture of Fiji is a tapestry of native Fijian, Indian, European, Chinese, and other
nationalities.
 Fijian culture has evolved with the introduction of Indian, Chinese and European culture, and
various cultures from the Pacific neighbors of Fiji; in particular the Tongan and Rotuman
cultures. The culture of Fiji, including language, has created a unique communal and national
identity.
PERFORMING ARTS
 The Meke
An indigenous art form is the Meke, which may incorporate the seasea (women's fan dance) or
a meke wesi (men's spear dance). It is usually a narrative of an important event such as a war,
a chiefly installation, or even a scandal.
 Music
Music of Old Fiji consisted of various chants which often told a story or preserved information
to be passed on from generation to generation, these songs used various traditional
instruments.

38. PAPUA NEW GUINEA

39. PAPUA NEW GUINEA
 Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea , is a country in
Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in
Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).
 Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world.
 As of 2019, it is also the most rural, as only 13.25% of its people live in urban centres.There are
851 known languages in the country, of which 11 now have no known speakers.
 Nearly 40% of the population lives a self-sustainable natural lifestyle with no access to global
capital. Most of the people live in strong traditional social groups based on farming.

40. TOURISM
 The culture of the people of Papua New Guinea attracts collectors, photographers, and
artists. The vast areas of tropical rainforest provide perfect habitats for a wide variety of bird
life.
 Of the 43 known species of birds of paradise, 38 are found in Papua New Guinea. The
rugged mountain terrain offers trekkers, climbers and caving enthusiasts wonderful
opportunities for adventure.
 The country's massive river system provides many location choices for canoeists, kayakers
and fishing enthusiasts.
 Tourism is mostly dominated by corporate travel resulting from inbound of foreign
businesses. Although promising a diversity of adventure and natural attractions, the
country is a destination for the dauntless.

41. MAJOR ATTRACTIONS
National Museum
and Art Gallery The Rainforest Habitat JK McCarthy Museum
Muschu Island
Port Moresby
Nature Park Lae War Cemetery

42. National Museum and Art Gallery
 If you are wondering what to see in Papua New Guinea that captures its
rainbow tribal and indigenous culture, the National Museum should be on top
of your list as it’s one of the essential places to visit in Papua New Guinea.
 The exhibits are arranged by themes – there are sections on the musical
instruments of the people, their masks and costumes, their canoes and other
seafaring instruments. One can see the famous totem poles from Sepik and
also the skull racks which are locally called ‘agiba’.
 Location: Port Moresby, New Guinea
Timings: 9 AM – 3 PM
Entry fee: INR 2100

43. The Rainforest Habitat
 This is situated on the campus of the University of Technology and houses a
variety of local flora and fauna under a reconstructed rainforest with an eleven
metre high canopy.
 While most people come to Papua New Guinea to see the cassowaries, tree
kangaroos or the birds of paradise, the saltwater crocodile Agro is the attraction
at Rainforest Habitat. If you are a fan of crocodiles, this is one of the places to
visit in Papua New Guinea.
 Location: Lae
Timings: 8 AM – 4 PM
Entry fee: INR 200 (adults) | INR 100 (children)

44. JK McCarthy Museum
 The museum is named after an Australian patrol officer who was posted in Papua
New Guinea and is one of the most recognisable things to see in Papua New
Guinea.
 The museum has an extensive collection consisting of pottery, jewellery, musical
instruments of the various tribes here.
 The Anga mourning jewellery consisting of a necklace of fingers can be found
here. There is also a rare collection of photos taken by Mick Leahy in 1933.
 Location: Goroka
Timings: 8 AM – 4 PM
Entry fee: Admission by donation

45. Muschu Island
 The charming island of Muschu is just off the coast at Wewak and does not often
figure on the list of Papua New Guinea tourist attractions.
 There is just one B&B and the beachside bungalow provides scenic views of the
sea and the black beach that is the signature of the Muschu.
 The swimming hole, forests, beach, and the sea paint a very relaxing picture and
one should consider coming there for an entire weekend.
 Location: 15 minutes speed boat from Wewak
Cost for staying: INR 8000

46. Port Moresby Nature Park
 Another nature reserve, this one is maintained by the University of Papua New
Guinea around Port Moresby and is one of the quiet and calm places to see in
Papua New Guinea and the city of Port Moresby.
 The nature preserve has around 2 km of pathways spread throughout the park
that go in and out of the canopies of the rainforests that are maintained here.
One can often spot the country’s famed wildlife here (the tree kangaroos are a
common sight ).
 Timings: 8 AM – 4 PM
Entry fee: INR 300

47. Lae War Cemetery
 Papua New Guinea was an active theatre during the Second World War, and the
Australian government maintains the war cemetery at Lae even today in memory
of Australian soldiers who lost their lives here during the conflict.
 The sombre area is a quiet marker of recent history of the region.
 There are also markers of Indian and New Zealand soldiers , and is one of the
modern Papua New Guinea points of interest.

48. CUISINE
Kokoda Fish
(Ceviche in
Coconut Cream)
Mumu (Pork,
Chicken, Greens
and Root
Vegetables)

49. SOLOMON ISLANDS
 The Solomon Islands is a sovereign state consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller
islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu.
 It has a land area of 28,400 square kilometres , and a population of 652,858. Its capital, Honiara, is
located on the island of Guadalcanal.
 The country takes its name from the Solomon Islands archipelago, which is a collection of
Melanesian islands that also includes the North Solomon Islands (a part of Papua New Guinea),
but excludes outlying islands, such as the Santa Cruz Islands and Rennell and Bellona.
MICRONESIA
 Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising thousands of small islands in the western Pacific
Ocean.
 The region has a tropical marine climate and is part of the Oceanian realm. It includes four main
archipelagos—the Caroline Islands, the Gilbert Islands, the Mariana Islands, and the Marshall
Islands—as well as numerous islands that are not part of any archipelago.
 Micronesia's artistic tradition has developed from the Lapita culture. Among the most prominent
works of the region is the megalithic floating city of Nan Madol.

50. VANUATU
 Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu , is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean.
 The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is 1,750 kilometres (1,090 mi) east of northern Australia,
540 kilometres (340 mi) northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of the Solomon
Islands, and west of Fiji.
 Despite its tropical forests, Vanuatu has a limited number of plant and animal species. It has an
indigenous flying fox, Pteropus anetianus. Flying foxes are important rainforest and timber
regenerators.
SAMOA
 Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a
Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu), two smaller, inhabited
islands (Manono and Apolima), and several smaller, uninhabited islands, including the Aleipata
Islands (Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Fanuatapu and Namua).
 The capital city is Apia. The Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan Islands around 3,500
years ago. They developed a Samoan language and Samoan cultural identity.

51. KIRIBATI
 Kiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati is an independent island nation in the central Pacific
Ocean.
 The permanent population is over 119,000 (2020), more than half of whom live on Tarawa atoll. The
state comprises 32 atolls and one raised coral island, Banaba.
 They have a total land area of 811 square kilometres (313 square miles) and are dispersed over 3.5
million kms (1.4 million sq mi).
TONGA
 Tonga, officially named the Kingdom of Tonga , is a Polynesian country, and also an archipelago
comprising 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited.
 The archipelago's total surface area is about 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) scattered over
700,000 square kilometres (270,000 sq mi) of the southern Pacific Ocean.
 Tonga stretches across approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) in a north–south line. It is
surrounded by Fiji and Wallis and Futuna (France) to the northwest; Samoa to the northeast.

52. MARSHALL ISLANDS
 The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands is an island country near the
Equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line.
 The country's population of 58,413 people is spread out over 29 coral atolls, comprising 1,156
individual islands and islets.
 The capital and largest city is Majuro. It has the largest portion of its territory made of water of any
sovereign state, at 97.87%.
PALAU
 Palau, officially the Republic of Palau and historically Belau, Palaos or Pelew, is an island
country in the western Pacific.
 The nation has approximately 340 islands and connects the western chain of the Caroline
Islands with parts of the Federated States of Micronesia. It has a total area of 466 square
kilometers (180 square miles).
 Palau shares maritime boundaries with international waters to the north, Micronesia to the east,
Indonesia to the south, and the Philippines to the west.

53. TUVALU
 Tuvalu is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. Its
islands are situated about midway between Hawaii and Australia.
 Tuvalu experiences two distinct seasons, a wet season from November to April and a dry
season from May to October.
 Westerly gales and heavy rain are the predominant weather conditions from October to
March, the period that is known as Tau-o-lalo, with tropical temperatures moderated by
easterly winds from April to November.
NAURU
 Nauru, officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island
country and microstate in Oceania, in the Central Pacific.
 Nauru is the third-smallest country in the world behind Vatican City and Monaco, making it the
smallest republic. Additionally, its population of 10,670 is the world's second smallest, after
Vatican City.
 Nauru is a phosphate-rock island with rich deposits near the surface, which allowed easy strip
mining operations. Its remaining phosphate resources are not economically viable for
extraction.

54. Thank You