Legume SELECT-Ethiopia: Highlights of desk review on legumes intensification and stakeholders mapping exercises
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Presented by Birhan Abdulkadir, Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne, Alemayehu Dabessa, Tamiru Meleta and Assefa Ta’a at the Legume SELECT Finalization Workshop, ICRAF Campus, Nairobi, Kenya, 26 April 2022
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Legume SELECT-Ethiopia: Highlights of desk review on legumes intensification and stakeholders mapping exercises
- 1. Better lives through livestock Legume SELECT-Ethiopia: Highlights of desk review on legumes intensification and stakeholders mapping exercises Birhan Abdulkadir1, Kindu Mekonnen1, Peter Thorne1, Alemayehu Dabessa2, Tamiru Meleta2, Assefa Ta’a2, 1 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) 2Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO) Legume SELECT Finalization Workshop 26 April 2022 ICRAF Campus, Nairobi
- 2. 2 • The National Pulse Strategy 2019-2024 • Ten-Year Development Strategic Plan: A Pathway to Prosperity 2021-2030 • Agricultural Growth and Transformation strategic Plan • Seed Sector Transformation Strategy • …. Existing National Policies and Strategies draft
- 3. 3 Progress of Legume Production and Marketing in Ethiopia No Category Number of varieties released Percentage 1 Cereal 440 35% 2 Legumes 227 18% 3 Oil crops 116 9% 4 Tuber, roots and vegetable 252 20% 5 Forage and pasture 58 5% 6 Other crops* 171 14% Total 1264 Table 3. Number of varieties released by crop category until the end of the year 2018 in Ethiopia ITC, 2019
- 4. 4 Legume focused Programs & Projects • Sustainable Land Management Programs WBG • Sustainable Livestock by year 2050 FAO • Agricultural Growth Program AGP I+II GP • Africa RISING • N2Africa • Tropical Legumes I-III • SIMLESA
- 5. 5 Existing Opportunities • Government Greening & Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation • Growing Domestic and Export demands
- 6. 6 Recommendations for further attentions • Increasing the extension of legume intensification (i.e., encouraging the use inputs for legumes production) • Supporting quality legumes seed production and supply by different seed producers • Developing clear legume value chain strategy to ensure sustainable market outlets • Encouraging the consumption of legume for improved nutrition • Revise the existing livestock production policy and/ or strategy in relation to forage/feed legumes. • Strengthen the current farmers’ soil conservation practices and soil fertility management
- 7. Stakeholder Mapping for Legume Intensifications in Legume SELECT Project Target Sites in Ethiopia
- 8. 8 Stakeholders’ details Organizations Organization type Agricultural Growth Program (AGP) Government Anno Agro Industry Private sector Bako Agricultural Research Center (IQQO-Bako) National Research Institution COOPI NGO East Wollegga Bureau of Agriculture Government Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA) Government Ethiopian Evangelicals Church NGO Gibe Didessa Farmers Union Farmer/ Community-based Organizations Guts Agro Industry Private sector ICARDA International Research Institution ICRAF International Research Institution IFDC-2SCALE NGO ILRI – Africa RISING International Research Institution ILRI – N2Africa International Research Institution Jirata General Purpose Primary Cooperative Farmer/ Community-based Organizations Madda Walabu University Academic Menagesha Biotech Industry (MBI) Private sector Oromia Seed Enterprise (OSE) - Sinana Branch Government Oromia Seed Enterprise (OSE)- Western Branch Government Selka CB Seed Multiplication Cooperative Farmer/ Community-based Organizations Siko Mando Farmer Cooperative Union Farmer/ Community-based Organizations Sinana Agricultural Research Center (IQQO- Sinana) National Research Institution Sinana Woreda Agricultural Office Government
- 9. 9 Engagements (legume, stakeholders) Figure 7. Frequency of legumes addressed by interviewed stakeholders in LegumeSELECT action sites. Figure 6. Number of legumes engaged by stakeholders in LegumeSELECT action sites.
- 10. 10 Level of Involvement for the legumes addressed Figure 8. Stage of stakeholders’ involvement for the legumes addressed in LegumeSELECT action sites.
- 11. 11 Level of Engagements with other Stakeholders Figure 9. Stakeholder’s level of engagement with other stakeholders within LegumeSELECT action sites. Figure 10. Number of stakeholders would like to engage with different actors within LegumeSELECT action sites. Figure 11. Stakeholders would like to engage with various activities within LegumeSELECT action sites.
- 12. 12 Challenges in legume production and intensification Figure 12. Major challenges in legume production and intensification identified by interviewed stakeholders in LegumeSELECT action sites.
- 13. 13 Community engagement Figure 13. Types of extension approaches used by stakeholders to engage farming communities. Figure 14. Frequency of stakeholders’ engagement with farming communities. Figure 15. Stakeholders’ specific efforts to ensure gender equity and inclusion of women and youth in LegumeSELECT action sites. Figure 16. Activities involved in the information flow processes.
- 14. 14 Challenges faced in engaging communities Figure 17. Main obstacles stakeholders faced in engaging communities in LegumeSELECT action sites. Figure 18. Stakeholders’ strategies to offset the challenges in LegumeSELECT action sites.
- 15. 15 Stakeholders’ Aspirations for Legume Intensification Figure 19. The demand (above) and supply (below) of legumes stakeholders engaged with in the past 2-3 years. Figure 20. Opportunities associated with legumes identified by stakeholder in the near future. Figure 21. Stakeholders’ future plans to enhance legume production and intensification in the LegumeSELECT action sites.
- 16. 16 Recommendations to strengthen stakeholder participation for greater impacts • Arrangement of common formal/informal platform where all relevant stakeholders could interact and identify opportunities for collaboration and expansion. • Legume specific value chain development is the most important approach for potential and influential stakeholder mapping and engagement. • Strategic intervention is required to enhance stakeholder engagement in forage and tree legume production and marketing. • Locally preferred legume varieties seed supply • Legume value additions, credit services and legume marketing components are the main legume chain segments that also need many intervention to ensure sustainable legume value chains.
- 17. Recent achievements & forthcoming products
- 18. 18 Recent achievements & forthcoming products Samples exports • 86 soil samples • 179 crushed legume samples • 152 weed samples Datasets • Sampling inventories • Soil & crop management data • Feedbacks and monitoring data (43) • Stakeholders' mapping data (24) Reports • Current Situation of Legumes Production and Intensification in Ethiopia: A Review on Experiences, Challenges, Opportunities and Policy Recommendations • Stakeholder Mapping for Legume Intensifications in Legume SELECT Project Target Sites in Ethiopia Briefs • Characteristics of Farming Systems in Digga, Oromia, Ethiopia • Wheat Based Farming System in Ethiopia: Experiences and legume focused strategies in Sinana, Bale-Oromia • Stakeholder Mapping for Legume Intensifications in Legume SELECT Project Target Sites in Ethiopia: Brief Report
- 19. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- The National Pulse Strategy The main components of the channels are inputs/services, production, assembly, processing and marketing. For instance, lack of access of legume quality seeds at appropriate time and place, institutional technical gaps to support farmers on improved legume agronomic practices are some of the inputs/service provision gaps even for subsistence agriculture. Indeed, strategic roadmaps for interventions across each component of the legume value chain were created. Key actors were also mapped to create a sustainable, effective and efficient legume value chain in the country. Unfortunately, the strategy document has never addressed on forage and other multi-purpose legumes value chains. Ten-year Development Strategy One of the strategic national development plans, which aligned with the sustainable development goal (SDG), aims at ensuring economic growth and prosperity through ending hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture (PDC,2021). In fact, sustainable agriculture can be attained if and only if sustainable intensification of legume crops could be considered in mixed farming systems. AGP I-II It has detailed plans on the grain and forage legumes Seed Sector Transformation Under the production wing, there is no clarity on the roles and responsibilities in the production and supply of EGS (early generation seed), particularly for those ‘neglected’ crops such as legumes. Most of the public and private seed companies are not interested to multiply seeds for legume crops as there are no mechanization supports and a high cost of production for legume seed production (MOA, 2019).
- Grain legume crops are among the various crops produced in different volumes in all the regions of the country after cereals. The average national area of legume production is 12.6% (1,614,443 ha). For instance, the legumes grown in 2020/2021 covered 12.90% (1,674,950 hectares) of the grain crop area and 9.36% (about 3,199,999 tones) of the grain production volume (CSA, 2021). Averages of four-year CSA (2018-2021) data revealed that faba bean (30%), common bean (19%), chickpea (12%) and field pea (14%) are the top four legume crops that are widely grown in different regions of the country (Figure 1). In general, majority of the legume crops are used for home consumption. For instance, nearly 55% of legume crops were used for household consumption, 14% for seeds and 29% for sale in the year 2020/2021 (CSA, 2021). Many efforts have been done to develop and release crop varieties that are adaptable to different agro-ecologies of the country. Cereal is the most dominant (38%) in terms of the number of varieties released and ready for farmers’ uses. On the other hand, about 18% of the total numbers of variety released were legume crops, which are mostly under production (Table 3). Among grain legume crops, 68 common bean, 40 field pea and 34 faba bean varieties were released until the end of 2018 (MoANR, 2018). Interestingly, 48% of the total released forage and pasture were forage legume varieties
- The SLMP was part of a larger government flagship program designed to address land degradation and enhance impacts
- These are the recommendations indicated for future attention in legume sector in government policy, strategy and guidelines to enhance legume-based intensification.
- The results indicated that there are many actors in the legume intensification and value chain with the majority of them being governmental organizations, national and international research institutions, farmers’ organizations and private sectors.
- Efforts are made in limited boundaries. Lack of coordinated efforts among relevant stakeholders results in duplication and gaps. The need for better coordination should be addressed through a holistic approach.
- Figure 10. Number of stakeholders would like to engage with different actors within LegumeSELECT action sites. Figure 11. Stakeholders would like to engage with various activities within LegumeSELECT action sites.
- Lack of certified seeds Poor market for legume produce Absence of preferred legume seeds locally Low legume production due to low rainfall, pests and diseases Lack of fast maturing legume varieties Lack of finances/ high cost of inputs/ services
- Extension approaches Frequency of stakeholders’ engagement with farming communities. Specific efforts to ensure gender equity and inclusion of women and youth Activities involved in the information flow processes.
- The interviewed stakeholders mentioned that the poor market access, inadequate inputs access, inadequate amount of certified legume seeds and high cost of inputs are the main obstacles faced in engaging communities in the action sites (Figure 17). These stakeholders’ strategies to offset the challenges with the following ways (Figure 18): Improve input supply Improve market channels/ market aggregation Seek funding Creating awareness on production & storage services
- Stakeholders were also asked what the stakeholders would need to do differently in order to overcome the listed challenges in previous section and enhance legume production. Facilitate the access of new and certified legume varieties, and capacity building trainings and extension services, i.e., awareness creations on production managements and marketing intelligence for inputs and outputs, were indicated as top options for future interventions (Figure 21).
- Identifying key stakeholders in the Legume SELECT project implementation sites, their roles, linkages as well as their respective levels of engagement will enable any legumes-related interventions in Digga and Sinana for greater impacts. Provision/ arrangement of common formal/informal platform where all relevant stakeholders could interact and identify opportunities for collaboration and expansion, may strengthen the mechanism of legume related capacity buildings, input supplies and marketing of produces in the action sites. Legume specific value chain development is the most important approach for potential and influential stakeholder mapping and engagement Strategic intervention is required to enhance stakeholder engagement in forage and tree legume production and marketing Locally preferred varieties of demand-based quality legume seed supply is the key areas for joint stakeholder engagements to ensure sustainable legume intensification and diversification Legume value additions, credit services and legume marketing components are the main legume chain segments that also need many intervention to ensure sustainable legume value chains.