eCall, the European system for rapid assistance to motorists involved in a collision, will soon be a reality. Learn how it works and how it will affect you. Presentation given by Dr David Williams (Chairman of ETSI EMTEL), from Qualcomm, to the IET Swindon Local Network, 10th Feb 2015.

1. eCall
Connected Cars Saving Lives
David Williams, MIET, CEng, PhD

2. eCall – 10 questions
1. What is it?
2. How does it work?
3. Will it save my life?
4. Why has it taken so long?
5. How will Brussels force us to do it?
6. Will Brussels be able to spy on us?
7. Will it increase the cost of motoring?
8. Will it cost the mobile operators a lot of money?
9. Will it overload the Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs)?
10. What will it lead to in the future?

3. eCall
1. What is it?

4. eCall – what is it?
• Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oa9exFRI-KI

5. eCall
2. How does it work?

6. eCall – data and voice
MSD – Minimum Set of Data
PSAP – Public Safety Answering Point
Galileo satellites

7. The Minimum Set of Data (MSD)

8. Types of eCall
• Automatically initiated eCall
• Manually initiated eCall
• Test eCall
• Reconfiguration eCall
• The first two are 112/999 calls with new service category labels
• The second two are non-emergency calls (long numbers)

9. eCall In-Band Modem
In-band modem was chosen 10 years ago because:
– it minimizes the impact on mobile networks
– can be used over the existing 999/112 emergency call system
– voice and data are inherently linked together (SMS is not)
– mobile packet data systems were not widely deployed
– 112 is available everywhere in the European Union
– the amount of data is very small (140 bytes)
– successful lobbying.
There are still some impacts on mobile networks
– echo cancellers
– routing to the most appropriate PSAP
– SIM management
– risk of extending the lifespan of old technologies (2G GSM).

10. eCall High Level Application Protocol
Original Minimum Set of Data Request new Minimum Set of Data

11. An eCall device
Geneva Microsystems

12. Modem
Modem Frequency Bands Quad Band GSM 850/900/1800/1900MHz
Output power for EGSM850 Class 4 (+33dBm)
Output power for EGSM900 Class 4 (+33dBm)
Output power for EGSM1800 Class 1 (+30dBm)
Output power for EGSM1900 Class 1 (+30dBm)
Directives 1999/05/EC
ECE-R 10
2002/95/EC
European Standards Approval 3GPP TS 51.010-1
ETSI EN 301 511 V9.0.2
GCF-CC V3.45
ETSI EN 301 489-1 V1.8.1
ETSI EN 301 489-7 V1.3.1
EN 60950-1:2006/A11:2009
Special Feature EU eCall Compatible
In-band Modem Release 10.0.0

13. Other features
Global Navigation Satellite System GPS
GLONASS
GALILEO
Display 1.45 inch TFT
128 x 128 pixels
Full colour
User Input 5 way Navigation switch
SIM card Nano SIM Card
Audio input input Differential Analog Microphone
Sensitivity -42dB
Audio output Power 2.5W peak
Sensors 3-Axis accelerometer
3-Axis Magnetometer (Optional)
3-Axis Gyroscope (Optional)
Pressure sensor (Optional)
Backup Power Lithium-Polymer Cell
3.7V 320mAHr
Power connection Micro USB 2.0

14. eCall
3. Will it save my life?

15. Will eCall save my life?
The European Union
claims that 2,500
lives per year will be
saved.
Many accidents are
on minor roads
• No witnesses
• Will there be a
signal?

16. eCall
4. Why has it taken so long?

17. eCall History – What happened so far …
2005:
European
Union asked
for an eCall
standard
2008:
eCall modem
standardized
in ETSI/3GPP
2011:
EU funded
“HeERO”
trials begin
2011:
Data format
& application
standards in
CEN
2013:
United
Nations starts
standards
work
2018:
“Go-live”
date
31/3/2018
Initially the European Union allowed a voluntary Memorandum of
Understanding but later started a process of legislation to force eCall
deployment.

18. Third Party Supported (TPS) eCall
Third Party Supported (TPS) eCall:
• A paid for service, whereas normal eCall is a public service
• Already exists as vehicle specific deployments
• Calls go to a third party and are then relayed to the PSAP
• Minimum Set of Data is sent by text message and then relayed to the PSAP
• Is a European Standard (EN16102); 112 eCall is EN16062 and EN16072
• Will be permitted in addition to 112 eCall in some circumstances
Why launch a public eCall service when the
private sector is doing something similar already?

19. eCall
5. How will Brussels force us to do it?

20. How will eCall be made mandatory?
• 1. Oblige countries to upgrade PSAPs and take eCalls
• Deployment of the interoperable EU-wide eCall (published on 3 June 2014)
• “The Member States shall deploy on their territory (…) no later than 1 October 2017 the eCall
PSAP infrastructure required for the proper receipt and handling of all eCalls (….)
interoperable EU-wide eCall service.”
• www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?reference=2013/0166(COD)&l=en
• 2. Make eCall part of vehicle type approvals
• eCall in all new cars to be sold in EU market (adopted by the Parliament, under review at
Council)
• All new car models to be equipped with eCall technology from 31 March 2018
• http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52013PC0316
• 3. Oblige mobile network operators to deliver eCalls
• Delivery of emergency calls is already mandatory
• Formal recommendation that mobile network operators deploy the eCall flag mechanism
• http://ec.europa.eu/smart-regulation/impact/ia_carried_out/docs/ia_2011/c_2011_6269_en.pdf

21. UK position on eCall
• UK is in favour of a voluntary approach regarding the deployment of eCall.
Based on their own impact assessment (TRL study), UK claims that the
benefits of making eCall mandatory in all new cars will not justify the costs
of implementation.
• Nevertheless, the figures they are referring to in that study seem to be
outdated, notably the cost of in-vehicle devices that are currently falling:
• regarding the in-vehicle system, recent internal evaluation of the different
components of the in-vehicle device leads to an estimated cost of ~ 40€.
• regarding the upgrade of the emergency call centres, BT 112/999 - managing PSAPs
in UK - , answering to a question from Royal Automobile Club, announced costs for
the upgrade of UK PSAPs lower than 250 000€.
• [JC Oct 8 2013]

22. Country PLMN1 PLMN2 PLMN3 PLMN4
Austria H3GA ONE A1 TMA
Belgium BASE Mobistar Proximus
Czech-Repuplic EurostarCZ TMCZ OSKARCZ
Denmark TelenorDK Telia TDC
France Bouygues SFR OrangeF
Germany EPLUS O2 TMD VF
Italy WIND TIM Omnitel
Luxembourg LuxGSM OrangeLU Tango
Netherlands KPN BEN VFNL
Norway TelenorN NCOM
Poland PlusPL OrangePL ERAPL PlayPL
Portugal Optimus TMN VFPT
Spain OrangeES YOIGO VFES TME
Sweden Sweden3G H3GS TelenorS
Switzerland Sunrise OrangeCH Swisscom
eCall test campaign and EU funded “HeERO” trials
48 Networks in 15 countries
 22 stationary locations
 12 mobility routes
 >16000 calls
 >25000 MSD transmissions
 Feb 13 – Mar 02, 2012
Networks by country
Some countries are now declared eCall ready

23. Galileo and EGNOS
eCall is being used to
promote Galileo and EGNOS
EGNOS = European Geostationary
Navigation Overlay Service

24. Car type approvals
• Car type approval specifications are done by the UNECE
• eCall comes within car type approval
• UNECE has started a project on AECS (auto emergency call systems)
• Functional tests on the eCall in-vehicle system (CEN16454)
• Triggering sensitivity test
• Post crash test
• Galileo tests

25. eCall
6. Will it increase the cost of motoring?

26. eCall Costs
• eCall service is free to the end user
• Costs borne by mobile network operator and taxpayers
• In-vehicle equipment costs
• Estimates from £80 to £300 on a new car
• Potential for lower insurance premiums
• Lower compensation costs due to fast response and treatment
• eCall device maintenance and repair cost
• Will have to work to pass the MoT

27. Periodic inspection
Test eCall on local simulator
Test eCall on live mobile network
Self test and malfunction indicator
Nothing
Increasing cost

28. eCall
7. Will Brussels be able to spy on us?

29. “EU to bug every car in UK with tracker chips – and Ministers
admit they are powerless to stop the Big Brother technology
• Under EU plans, every new car sold in UK will have a 'black box' device
• Gadget contains a phone-like SIM card which tracks drivers' movements
• Designed to help emergency services find vehicles in the event of crash
• Government believes the device will add at least £100 to the cost of cars
• Officials also fear it could be used by police to monitor motorists' moves
• But ministers admit they are powerless to stop Big Brother technology
• All new car models will have to include 'eCall' device from October 2015”
Daily Mail 10 May 2014
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2625244/EU-bug-car-UK-tracker-chips-Ministers-admit-powerless-stop-Big-Brother-
technology.html#ixzz3Jda40vBZ

30. Are privacy concerns overdone?
• Could I be tracked?
• eCall is not a tracking application
• Data is only sent when an eCall is triggered
• An eCall-only device is not registered on a network until an eCall is triggered.
• Could tracking be switched on later when eCall is in every car?
• Requirement to record the eCall transaction in the vehicle (EN16072 7.17.4)
• Could the eCall data be retrieved and analysed afterwards?
• Could the last 3 locations be used to calculate speed before the crash?
• The stored eCall data is a record of a vehicle’s position at given time.
• Will the stored eCall data devalue the vehicle?
• Will an excessive number of eCalls lead to being deemed a high risk?

31. eCall
8. Will it cost the operators a lot of money?

32. Costs to mobile operators
• Routing emergency calls to the correct PSAP
• Interconnect charges
• Test eCall charges (possibly, roaming)
• Making Calling Line ID always available
• SIM lifecycle issues
• Not deleting inactive SIMs
• Change of vehicle ownership
• End of life management
eCall brings no direct revenue to mobile operators
1 Police
2 Ambulance
3 Fire Brigade
4 Marine Guard
5 Mountain Rescue
6 Manually initiated eCall
7 Auto. initiated eCall
8 Spare and set to "0"

33. eCall
9. Will it overload the Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs)?

34. False and accidental eCalls
Will manual eCalls
overload the PSAPs?
Some PSAPs do not want
to answer Manual eCalls
Manual eCalls can be treated
differently to Auto eCalls.
Auto eCalls are more likely
to be genuine emergencies

35. Manual eCall button
Too easy Too difficult

36. eCall
10. What will it lead to in the future?

37. eCall in other countries
Decided
Considering
Russia Turkey
Australia Israel South Korea
Japan China

38. Other eCall users
The European Commission is looking to extend eCall to:
• Used cars, i.e. retro fit
• Other vehicle categories such as motor-cycles
• Vulnerable users and health devices

39. Next Generation eCall
• Next Generation eCall benefits
• More data (e.g. medical, vehicle)
• Other media (e.g. pictures, video)
• Telemetry (PSAP remotely flashes lights,
sounds horn, unlocks doors of the vehicle)
• Suggested method for 4th generation mobile
• In-band modem was optimised for 2G &3G
• Use IMS emergency call
• Send MSD in the SIP INVITE message
• Routing based on new URNs
• A cell broadcast indicator for Next
Generation eCall support

40. Data connectivity in cars enables other
services
• Real time route-
guidance
• Remote diagnostics
• Payments

41. eCall - a step towards the connected car
Intelligent Transport Systems
Dedicated Short Range
Communications (DSRC)
Wireless Access for Vehicular
Environments (WAVE)
An initiative to use mobile phone signals for V2X has begun:
• LTE (4G) Discovery
• LTE (4G) direct mode communication
V2X is:
V2V – Vehicle to vehicle
V2R – Vehicle to road
V2P – Vehicle to pedestrian

42. eCall
Your car will soon have it.
I hope you will never need to use it.
Thank-you.