Presentation at the ICT Call 3 Information Day Intelligent Content and Semantics, Digital Libraries and Technology-enhanced Learning meeting in London in January 2008. The presentation starts out by looking at the profound effect of the present industrial revolution on all aspects of society including how we live, how we produce things, how we learning and how we develop and share knowledge. It goes on to examine how learning and knowledge development takes place in Small and Medium Enterprises through processes of social networking and in communities of practice. The following section looks at different forms of learning and the move from knowledge transmission models to models of networked learning based on connectivism. The final section of the presentation considers the implications for education and training systems and providers. It proposes a move towards personal learning environments (PLEs).