Philippine Indigenous

1. Indigenous People.
Who are they and
Who decides?
Week 3 & 4

2. Agendas

3. ●Concept of “Indigenous People”
●Who is indigenous? Definition, and Process

4. Definition
●Indigenous peoples are:
●inheritors and practitioners of unique cultures and ways of relating to people and the environment
●They have retained social, cultural, economic and political characteristics that are distinct from those of the
dominant societies
●indigenous peoples from around the world share common problems related to the protection of their rights
as distinct peoples.

5. Concept of Indigenous People
●According to Jose Martinez Cobo,
○Historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories,
○Distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing on those territories, or parts of them.
○They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to
future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity
○With own cultural patterns, social institutions, and legal system.

6. ●Occupation of ancestral lands, or at least of part of them;
●Common ancestry with the original occupants of these lands;
●Culture in general, or in specific manifestations (such as religion, living under a tribal system, membership of
an indigenous community, dress, means of livelihood, lifestyle, etc.);
●Language (whether used as the only language, as mother-tongue, as the habitual means of communication
at home or in the family, or as the main, preferred, habitual, general or normal language);
●Residence on certain parts of the country, or in certain regions of the world;
●Other relevant factors.

7. Who decides?
What are the factors that an individual should be considered as IP?

8. ●An indigenous person is one who belongs to these indigenous populations through self-identification as
indigenous (group consciousness) and is recognized and accepted by these populations as one of its
members (acceptance by the group). This preserves for these communities the sovereign right and power to
decide who belongs to them, without external interference

9. Basic rights of IPs
●Since 1920’s, the International Labor Organization (ILO) comes in hands to help IPs to have rights in a
world-wide aspect.
○Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169)
■ Access to decent work enables indigenous women and men to harness their potential as change agents in
poverty reduction, sustainable development, and climate change action.

10. Major IPs in the Philippines
●Ata, Bagobo, Guiangga, Mamanwa, Magguangan, Mandaya, Banwa-on, Bukidnon, Dulangan, Kalagan,
Kulaman, Manobo, Subanon, Tagabili, Takakaolo, Talandig, and Tiruray or Teduray.

11. ATA MANOBO
• Can be found in the northwestern
portion of Davao del Norte, as well as
in Bukidnon and Compostela Valley.
• They are subdivided by the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts
into three groups, namely,
• Dugbatang, Talaingod, and
Tagauanum.
• Generally identified as the Atas of
Davao, they are concentrated mainly
in the municipalities of Talaingod,
Asuncion, and Kapalong, with an
estimated population of more than
30,000.
• Head of the Tribe: Datu or Chiefstain
• Mix of Negrito and Malay People
• Language: ATA

12. Bagobo
• One of the largest groups among the
indigenous peoples of southern
Mindanao.
• They are composed of three (3) sub-
groups, namely the TAGABAWA, the
CLATA or GUIANGAN and the UBO.
• Banog; Native Language
• They differ in such dialects.
• Its political structure was composed of
the Chieftains called “Matanum,” the
Council of Elders, the Magani’s, the
Babaylans and the slaves called “Al-
lang” in the native dialect.

13. Conclusion
IP has
●Ancestral Domain
●Has its own Language
●Cultural Beliefs
●Religion
●Political System
●Economic aspect/livelihood
●Not dominant in the nature of society

15. Discussion Forum
●You will be grouped.
●Discuss the characteristics of the IP community chosen by the group.
●Send a group paper that describes your chosen IP community.
●Due date: Next meeting
●Choose an IP tribe. Where is that tribe located? What is their Culture? What is the language of the Tribe?
What is the tribe's economic trademark? What is their Local Government and How does it work?