This document discusses measuring e-governance innovation using the Innovation Management Measurement Framework (IMMF). The author analyzes several United Nations e-government surveys using IMMF constructs like inputs, knowledge management, and commercialization. The results show high correlation between knowledge management and innovation strategy constructs. There was also a high drop in the project management construct over time. The author recommends balancing criteria between technical and social aspects of e-governance and assessing member states' capabilities to empower citizens. Portfolio management should also receive more attention to improve efficiency.

1. Measuring e-Governance as an Innovation
in the Public Sector
Fatih ÖZLÜ
Innovation Management (IS531)

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 e-Government
 Evaluating e-Governance
 The Innovation Management Measurement
Framework(IMMF)
 IMMF Constructs
 Methodology for Measurement e-Governance
Innovation
 Conceptual Content Analysis on Surveys
 Percentage Normalizated Scores
 Results of Measurement
 Recommendations
 Conclusion
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3. e-Government
 e-Government: “utilizing the internet and the World
Wide Web for delivering government information and
services to citizens” (United Nations, 2001, p.1).
 Key stakeholders: various units of
government, private-public sector, nongovernment
organizations, and citizens.
 Until the end of the 20th century, offering
government services to citizens through electronic
media was essentially a very new idea.
 e-Government was a new trend, but today?
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4. Evaluating e-Governance
 e-Governance can be referred to as an innovation
management process in the public sector (United
Nations)
 to evaluate e-Governance, Indices:
 e-Government Readiness Index (e-GRI)
 e-Participation Index (e-PI)
 Indices:
 composite measurement of capacity and willingness of
Member States of the UN for e-Governance
 ranking countries according to their e-government efforts
like web portals, mobile technologies, other e-services
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5. Surveys
 The UN has used the Indices as metrics for
evaluating
 more than 50,000 online features and government
services
 more than 178 Member States across economic and
social sectors
 The surveys measure how willing and ready the
governments
 The surveys applied by
 United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN)
 United Nations Department of Economic and Social
Affairs (UNDESA)
 United Nations Division for Public Economics (UNDPE)
 It covers all member states of the UN
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6. IMMF (Innovation Management
Measurement Framework)
 a innovation measurement methodology
 many organizations have difficulties in
 define the scope of innovations, quantify the measures of
innovations,
 create benchmarks for the innovation management
processes,
 evaluate innovation management processes.
 to evaluate innovative activities in organizations
against proposed framework of innovation
management measurements.
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7. IMMF Constructs
The IMMF measures innovation management using by seven inductively
derived constructs:
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8. IMMF Constructs
 Inputs
 resources ranging from human and physical resources to financial
resources
 process of generating innovative Ideas
 SubConstructs:
 People
 Physical and financial resources
 Tools
 Knowledge Management
 idea generation
 tacit and explicit types of information in organizations
 SubConstructs:
 Idea generation
 Knowledge repository
 Information Flow
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9. IMMF Constructs
 Innovation Strategy
 organizations' new products
 resource allocations for innovation
 business-related processes in competitive environment
 SubConstructs
 Strategic orientation
 Strategic leadership
 Organization and Culture
 cultural and structural elements
 interaction frequency of various units in the organization
 nature and features of organizational work culture
 SubConstructs
 Culture
 Structure
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10. IMMF Constructs
 Portfolio Management
 scoring and optimization models
 return on investment
 balance sheets between high-gain vs low-gain projects
 SubConstructs
 Risk/return balance
 Optimization tool use
 Project Management
 the process of converting inputs into a marketable innovation
 information and communication technologies
 SubConstructs
 Project efficiency
 Tools
 Communications
 Collaboration
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11. IMMF Constructs
 Commercialization
 taking innovation to markets
 marketing, sales and distribution
 SubConstructs
 Market research
 Market testing
 Marketing and sales
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12. Methodology of Measurement
 IMMF is applied with selected surveys namely:
 Benchmarking e-Government: A Global Perspective (United
Nations, 2001);
 The UN Global e-Government Survey 2003 (United
Nations, 2003);
 Global e-Government Readiness Report 2004: Towards Access
for Opportunity (United Nations, 2004);
 Global e-Government Readiness Report 2005: From e-
Government to e-Inclusion (United Nations, 2005); and
 The UN e-Government Survey 2008: From e-Government to
Connected Governance (United Nations, 2008).
 Conceptual content analysis is used for analyzing
surveys
 By conceptual content analysis, the IMMF measures the
degree of which the existing Surveys assess innovation
12 e-Government initiatives
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13. Conceptual Content Analysis
 A dictionary of items is defined to measure the
occurrence of constructs.
 Various words and combinations relevant to all
IMMF’s seven constructs/subconstructs are defined
as concepts.
 Outcomes of content analysis are typically
summarized and compared to better describe
communication data
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14. Concepts in Surveys
 As a part of this research
method, conceptual content
analysis was carried out,
 by using a software named
Concordance 2.0.
 key words are selected
 pick lists are formed
 frequency count for all of
the concepts in all of the
Surveys.
 “innovat*”=innovate, innovat
ion, innovated and
innovative
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15. Frequency Count
 Project Management
 digitatization of goverments through ICTs with web sites
 Organization&Culture
 governments pay attention towards organizational environment
 Portfolio Management
 complexity in measuring return on investments
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16. PNS(Percentage Normalized Scores)
 large variation in terms of the content size of all five Surveys.
 the one published in 2003, is the shortest in size with just 81
pages, whereas the largest in size was published in 2004 with
270 pages.
 direct comparison of frequency count would introduce
error, and could challenge the internal validity of this research.
 Hence PNS were calculated.
 For example, in the 2008 Survey, frequency count of Inputs
summed up to 482. The total frequency count for all seven
constructs from the IMMF equaled to 10,738.
 The percentage normalized score for Inputs in the 2008
Survey:
 =(Frequency Count of Inputs/Total Frequency Count)*100
 =(482 /10.738)*100
 =4:4887 = Approximated to 4:489
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17. Research Design
after PNS,
graphical figure of the results
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18. Results
 High correlation in Knowledge Management and
Innovation strategy
 natural interdependence of innovation and knowledge
management
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19. Results
 High drop in the Project Management construct
 not remain heavily emphasized criteria, any more
 UN has shifted its focus from investments in ICT to
building human skills and human capital.
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20. Recommendations for more powerful Indices
 R1: there is need to balance criteria between hard
(ICTs) and soft components (people, information and
processes) of e-Governance
 high gap between Project Management(average of
29.546%)-Knowledge Management(average of 10.993%)
 narrowing gap between Project Management and
Knowledge Management
 instead of heavily paying attention to ICTs, focus on
relations between people, process and information.
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21. Recommendations for more powerful Indices
 R2: better equip the UN for assessing capabilities of
Member States for empowering their citizens with
knowledge and information
 pay attention:
 types of software and hardware used to develop web
portals and e-Government interfaces,
 level of expertise, skills, and education levels of
employees
 the degree of outsourced e-Government projects,
 the features associated with public-private
partnerships
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22. Recommendations for more powerful Indices
 R3: bringing greater equity to e-Readiness rankings
assigned to Member States of the UN
 The existing e-Government assessments take into
account only the end products, for example: websites
represent just one type of e-Government initiatives
 but UN assessments do not attempt to quantify
unique dynamics among social, economic and
cultural contexts
 For the equal amount of investment made by the
U.S. and Africa, there is a very high likelihood that
the African government's willingness and capacity for
e-Government is higher than U.S
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23. Recommendations for more powerful Indices
 R4: efficiency of an e-Government initiative could be
achieved by paying more attention to the Portfolio
Management construct, which has a PNS of 0.34%
on average.
 Portfolio Management as a combination of risk-to-
return ratio and optimization tools
 return on investment (ROI), breakeven values (BEV)
for investments in e-Government efforts would give
information about increasing value of an e-
Government initiative
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24. Conclusion
 e-Governance can be
referred as an innovation
management process.
 with the help of
IMMF, conceptual content
analysis run on the existing
surveys
 this study demonstrates
new way of analyzing
existing practices of the
UN.
 proposes a set of
recommendations.
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25. End…
 Any Questions?
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