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1. ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF HEALTH CARE STATISTICS ON HEALTH
CARE PLANNING IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY:
IN OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL COMPLEX
(OAUTHC), ILE-IFE, OSUN STATE.
BY
POPOOLA YUSUF ADETUNJI
INDEX NUMBER: HT/FR/13/164919
SUBMITTED TO HEALTH RECORDS OFFICERS' REGISTRATION BOARD OF
NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF HEALTH RECORDS TECHNICIAN IN HEALTH INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT,
FOREIGN LINKS COLLEGE OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY,
MORO, ILE- IFE, OSUN STATE
APRIL, 2016.

2. CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this project work conducted on "Assessment of the Impact of Health
Care Statistics on Health Care Planning in Health Care Delivery” in Foreign Links College of
Health Technology, Ile-Ife, Osun State by POPOOLA YUSUF ADETUNJI with Index
Number HT/FR/13/164919 has been read, recommended and approved in its present form as
meeting the partial requirement of the authority of Foreign Links College of Health
Technology, Ile-Ife for the award of Health Record Technician in Health Information
Management.
_____________________________ __________________________
Project Supervisor H.O.D

3. DEDICATION
This project work is dedicated to Almighty Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful,
The Lord of the world and all that exist in it for his love and mercy on me to complete this
course of study in good health and intensive knowledge, glory be to God.
I also dedicate this research work to those that seek for knowledge at present and those that
will be seeking for knowledge in the future.

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most beneficent, the most merciful. All praise, thanks, adorations,
glorifications and exaltation be long to Almighty Allah, the creator and sustainer of the
universe. May His infinite peace and complete blessings be upon the noblest of mankind
Prophet Muhammad (SAW), his household, his companions and the believing Muslims till
the Day of Judgment, (Amin).
I give thanks and appreciation to Almighty Allah, the sustainer and provider for all creations
who has guided me, protected me, stood by me when I taught it was over during m) course of
study and endowed me with knowledge, wisdom and understanding to succeed in this field of
study.
My tribute goes to my parents Late Mr. And Mrs. Popoola (May Almighty Allah erased their
sins and show them mercy and grant them Jannah.
My appreciation goes to my siblings Sister Mufliha, Sister Baliqees and my one and only
brother Shuayb. My uncles Mr. Lateef, Mr. Lekan and my Aunty Tayo and all other family
members for their moral and financial support before and during my study duration.
My gratitude goes to the H.O.D Health information Management Mr. L.S Olaniyi and all
lecturers: Dr. Omole, Mr. Sanni, Mr. Olowookere, Mr. Bankole, Mr. Adeniyi, Mr. Odetayo,
Mrs. Taiwo, Mr. Seun among others, I pray may you all be bless abundantly.
I also acknowledge my friends like families Rufai Isiaq, Lawal Hafeez, Lukman Rasheed,
Oladosu Barakat, Atoyebi Olamide, David Mark and others for their stand and mutual
relationship before and during my course of study.

5. Lastly my recognition and regards goes to my course-mates and junior colleagues for helping
each other during the course of study.
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to assess the Impact of Health Care Statistics on Health Care
Planning in Health Care Delivery among the staff of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching
Hospital Complex, OAUTHC, lle-1fe. Statistics is the scientific method for collecting.
organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting data as well as drawing
valid conclusion and making reasonable decision.
The study adopted a descriptive survey designed that was used to sample one hundred and
ten (110) respondents by means of structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using
descriptive statistics, simple percentage and chi-square in testing the Hypothesis.
It was observed ko171 this study that 80% of the respondents agreed that statistical
information can be used to evaluate the patient care in health care delivery while 12% of the
respondents disagreed and 8% of the respondents were indifference. Majority (48%) of the
respondents agreed that health information managers/statisticians are well supported in the
performance of their official duties while 33% of the respondents disagreed and 19% of the
respondents were indifference. Majority (95%) of the respondents agreed that health care
statistics has a significant purpose in health care delivery while 4% of the respondents
disagreed and 1% of the respondent was indifference.
Since X2
calculated > X2
tabulated for the three (3) hypotheses, we therefore accept the H,
for all the hypotheses and reject the H0 and concluded that health information
managers/statisticians should be well supported in the performance of their official duties
since it's the only major problem encountered in this study.
It was recommended that adequate funding should be provided to ensure reliable data, the
personnel involved in statistical collation and analysis should be exposed to training and
retraining by going to seminars, workshops, etc., there should also be relevant facilities such
as equipment and materials.

6. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………i
Certification ……………………………………………………………………...ii
Dedication ……………………………………………………………………….iii
Acknowledgment ………………………………………………………………...iv
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………v
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study………………………………………………………..1
1.2 Statement of the problem……………………………………………………….3
1.3 Objective of the study….……………………………………………………….3
1.4 Significant of the study…………………………………………………………4
1.5 Hypotheses……………………………………………………………………...5
1.6 Scope of the study………………………………………………………………5
1.7 Limitation of the study………………………………………………………….5
1.8 Definitions of terms……………………………………………………………..6
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED UTERATURE
2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………...7
2.2 Overview of statistics…………………………………………………………….7
2.3 Concept of statistics……………………………………………………………...7

7. 2.4 Sources of statistics……………………………………………………………...8
2.5 Objective of statistics……………………………………………………………9
2.6 General functions of statistics…………………………………………………...9
2.7 Importance of statistics in health information management department………..9
2.8 Uses of statistics to health professionals………………………………………...10
2.9 Benefits of statistics in health care field…………………………………………11
2.10 Uses of statistics by hospital management……………………………………...13
2.11 Limitation of statistics…………………………………………………………..15
2.12 Components necessary for calculation………………………………………….16
2.13 Calculation of bed indices………………………………………………………16
2.14 Rates and units of measurement………………………………………………...17
2.15 Conceptual framework…………………………………………………………..18
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………..19
3.2 Research design……………………………………………………………………19
3.3 Study population…………………………………………………………………...20
3.4 Sampling size and sampling techniques…………………………………………...21
3.5 Instrument for data collection……………………………………………………...22
3.6 Validity and Reliability…………………………………………………………….23
3.7 Data collection procedure…………………………………………………………..23

8. 3.8 Method of data analysis…………………………………………………………..24
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF
FINDINGS
4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….25
4.2 Data analysis……………………………………………………………………....26
4.3 Discussion of findings……………………………………………………………..27
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMM ENDATION
5.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………...28
5.2 Summary…………………………………………………………………………...29
5.3 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….30
5.4 Recommendation…………………………………………………………………...31
References……………………………………………………………………………...32
Questionnaire…………………………………………………………………………...33

9. CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1. 1 BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY
The history of statistics started around 1749 but overtime, there have been changes to
the interpretation of the word statistics. In early times, the meaning was restricted to
information about states. This was later extended to include all collections of information of
all types, and later it was extended to include the analysis and interpretation of such data. In
modem terms, "statistics" means both set of collected information, as in financial accounts,
temperature records, and analytical work, which require statistical inferences.
Statistical activities are often associated with model expression using probabilities,
and require probability theory for them to be put on a firm theoretical basis. A number of
statistical concepts have had an important impact on a wide range of sciences. These include
the design of experiments and approaches to statistical inference, each of which can be
considered to have their own sequence in the development of ideas underlying modern
statistics.
By the 18th century, the term "statistics" is designated to be a systematic collection of
demographic economic data by states. For at least two millennia, these data were mainly
tabulations of human and material resources that might be taxed or put to military use. In the
early 18th century, collection of information is intensified. And the meaning of "statistics" is
broadened to include the discipline concerned with the collection, summary and analysis of
data. Today, data are collected and statistics are computed and widely distributed in
government, business, most of the sciences and sports, and even for many pastimes.
Electronic computers have expedited more elaborate statistical computation even as
they have facilitated the collection and aggregation of data. A single data analyst may have

10. available a set of data-files with millions of records, each with dozens or hundreds of separate
measurements. These were collected over time for computer activity; for example, a stock
exchange or from computerized sensors, point-of-sale registers, and so on. Computers then
produce simple, accurate summaries and allow more tedious analysis, such as those that
require inverting a large matrix or perform hundreds or steps of iteration that would never be
attempted by hand. Faster computer has allowed statisticians to develop "computer-intensive"
methods which may look at all permutations or use randomization to look at 10000
permutations of a problem, to estimate answers that are not easy to quantify by theory alone.
Statistics about the professional work performed in the hospital or health care facility
are compiled and provided to users for a variety of reasons. These statistics, however, means
something when the medical staff have a mutual understanding about the definition of terms
used, what information is tabulated and why the data are collected. Reports to agencies and
organizations outside the hospital have meaning when everyone concerned understands the
definitions and parameters of the data requested.
Health Information Managers must not only know what the basic elements of data are,
but also where they originate, how they can be compiled, where they are needed and the
purpose for which they serve.
Statistics are fact set-down as figures. To serve their purpose, such figures must be
relevant and they must be reliable if anyone is to evaluate them accurately and use them for
decision making. Preparing statistics involve the collection, analysis interpretation and
presentation of facts as numbers.
Statistics are only as accurate as the original documents from which they are taken.
The health information management director must decide whether or not the contents of
health records meet statistical needs. The kind and extent of data collected and the use made

11. of them vary from one health care institution to another. The hospital administration and
governing body use statistics to compare current operation with the past and as a guide in
planning for the future. The medical staff uses statistics to appraise its own medical
performance. Reports compiled for outside agencies and organizations on a local, state and
national level are used by them to list, accredit, license and approve hospitals and other health
care institutions to disburse funds.
Health information is the primary source of data in compiling health statistics. In
many hospitals health information management department personnel registers birth, death
and fetal death (still births) and are responsible for reporting certain diseases such as
communicable diseases to public health agencies.
I. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Statistics is being increasingly used as a tool for planning in nearly every aspect of
our national life and with this, the statistics collection, compilation and analysis are
associated with some problems which are stated below:
I. Lack of trained personnel.
2. Lack of continuous training for the health information managers.
3. Lack of manpower.
4. Lack of relevant equipment and materials.
5. Improper funding.

12. 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The general objective of the study is to access the impact of health care statistics on
health care planning in health care delivery in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching
Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), lle-lfe, Osun State.
The specific objectives are:
1. To examine how statistical information are used in health care evaluation.
2. To assess the support rendered to the health information managers/statisticians in the
performance of their official duties.
3. To examine the purpose of health care statistics in health care delivery.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is conducted to examine the importance of statistics toward efficient health
care:
 To identify the role that statistics plays in patient care.
 To evaluate a possible ways for corrective measures in health planning
 To educate others on how to promote efficient health care delivery by the means of
statistics
 To serve as a guide that will enable the medical personnel to examine their level of
performance.
 To have more knowledge on statistics.

13. 1.5 HYPOTHESES
In achieving the objectives stated below, the following propositions will be tested.
1. H0: Statistical information cannot be used to evaluate the patients care in health care
delivery.
H1: Statistical information can be used to evaluate the patients care in health care
delivery.
2. H0: Health information managers/statisticians are well supported in the performance of
their official duties
H1: Health information managers/statisticians are not supported in the performance of
their official duties.
3. H0: Health care statistics does not have a significant purpose in health care delivery
H1: Health care statistics have a significant purpose in health care delivery.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research study examines the impact of health care statistics on health care
planning in health care delivery among staffs and students of Obafemi Awolowo Teaching
Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), lle-lfe.

14. 1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
In the course of this study, the major problems encountered include:
 Inadequate electricity power supply
 Misplacement of questionnaire by some respondents
 Insufficient fund
 Limited time
1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
 Health: A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of an individual and
not merely in the absence of disease or infirmity.
 Statistics: is a scientific method for collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting and
analysis of data which can be used for the making of better decisions. On the other hand,
statistics is a scientific approach to information presently useful in a numeric form.
 Hospital Statistics: Are data collected on patient at registration, clinic attendance,
admission, and discharge, it also contains information on casualty anti emergency cases.
 Health Statistics: Is the numerical information on all aspect of health of a population
including mobility and mortality statistics and ail other patient information which are
related to health and health services.
 Health Care: Is the provision of medical care for uses and treatment of diagnosis and
prevention of disease, illness, injury and other physical and mental impairments in
hitman. Health care is delivered and practitioners in medicine. Dentistry, nurses,
pharmacy, health information, health and other care providers. It refers to the work done
in primary care, secondary care and tertiary care as well in public health.
 Health Care Planning: Is the process whereby health care system and organizations
established undergo to meet the health needs of targeted population.

15.  Health Care Delivery: Refers to the service rendered to the patient in the health institution
either by Doctors, Nurses and other health professional team contributing to the care of
patient.
 Assessment: Refers to a plan of care that identifies the specific needs of client and how
those needs will be meet and delivered by the health care system.
 Impact: The importance or benefit of statistics on health care services.
 Data: This is referred to as the facts and figures, which have not been processed.
 Information: This is referred to as the data that have been processed and it can be used for
decision making.

16. CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the review of literature, theoretical and conceptual model
adopted in the study.
2.2 OVERVIEW OF STATISTICS
The term statistics is ultimately derived from the New Latin word tagged Statisticum
collegiums ("council of state") and the Italian word Statista ("statesman" or "politician"). The
German statistik, first introduced by Gottfoed Achenwall (1749), originally designated the
analysis of data about the state, signifying the "science of state"(then called political
arithmetic in English). It acquired the meaning of the collection and classification of data
generally in the early 19th
century.
Thus, the original principal purpose of statistic was collection of data to be used by
governmental and (often centralized) administrative bodies. The collection of data about
states and localities continues largely through national and international statistical services.
The first book to have 'statistics' in its title was "contribution to vital statistic"(1845) by
Francis GP Nelson.
Basic forms of statistics have been used since the beginning of civilization. Early
empires often collated censuses of the population or recorded the trade in various
commodities. The earliest writing on statistics was found in a 91h century book entitled
"Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic messages"(801-873CE). In his book, A1-kindi
gave a detailed description of how to use statistics and frequency analysis to decipher

17. encrypted messages. This text arguably gave rise to the birth of both statistics and crypt
analysis.
The word statistics was first used in the eighteen century to describe a series of facts
and figures collected together and relating to the state, such as figures about trades, the
number of the population and the mortality from diseases. It is believed to have derived from
the Italian word STATISTI meaning statesmen.
It is used now in two different senses. Firstly it means a collection of numerical facts,
rather in the same way as it was originally applied.
Statistics has different meanings depending on individual understanding of it.
Statistics are facts represented in figures. In early days, facts and figures are mainly used for
taxation and conscription. These facts and figures were also known as Federal Arithmetic.
According to G. Udny Yule in his book An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics (1927),
statistics may be defined as numerical stated facts which imply a mass of quantitative data.
By statistics we mean quantitative data affected to a marked extent by a multiplicity of
causes.
According to Gupter (1992), statistics can be defined as the scientific method for
collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting data as well as
drawing valid conclusion and making reasonable decision.
According to Marguerite F. Hall in her book Public Health Statistics, statistics is a
technique used to collect, summarize and analyze or interpret numerical data.
Abel Mizrahr and Michael Sullivant (1979), defined statistics as a branch of mathematics
which deals with collection, presentation, classification, tabulation, analyzing and
interpretation of numerical information toward decision making.

18. According to Eve Mercy Ada Anyiwe."Statistics is a branch to scientific method
which deals with the data obtained by counting and measuring the properties of populations
of natural phenomena. In this definition, a natural phenomenon includes all the happenings of
the external world whether human or not".
Raymond pearl in his book Introduction to Medical Biometry and Statistics (1930),
Statistics is defined a branch of science which deals with the frequency of occurrence of
different kinds of things or with the frequency of occurrence of different attributes of things.
The "kinds of things" are the counts, such as the number of people in a given country or city.
The "attributes" are the descriptive characteristics of things such as the height, weight and
ages of human beings.
When the data refer to vital facts, the statistical technique is used by the vital
statisticians, if the data are on economics; the statistical method becomes the tool for the
economist.
Statistics as a method applies the principles and fundamentals of mathematics to the
numerically stated facts in various fields of interest.
The word statistics was first used in the eighteen century to describe a series of facts
and figures collected together and relating to the state, such as figures about trades, the
number of the population and the mortality from diseases. It is believed to have derived from
the Italian word STATISTI meaning statesmen.
It is used now in two different senses. Firstly it means a collection of numerical facts,
rather in the same way as it was originally applied.
Captain John Grant made the first study of vital statistics in 1661when he published his
observation made upon "Bills of mortality". These were lists of burials, marriages and

19. baptism. In his studies he pointed out two facts which are: One, the urban death rate is
normally higher than the rural area.
Two, even though the male birth-exceeds the female, there are approximately equal number
of both sexes in the population due to a greater proportion of male deaths.
2.3 CONCEPT OF STATISTICS
There are two major types of statistics which are:
1. Descriptive statistics.
2. Analytical or Inferential statistics.
Descriptive Statistics: Means the method of describing a large mass of data in such a way as
to make it more useful. It is the presentation of statistics in easy ways to understand, e.g.
histogram, pie chart, pictogram, to give or cumulative frequency (curve), bar-chart and
frequency polygon. They are merely descriptive and make no attempt to draw conclusion
from the data. Descriptive statistics reduced the acquired information to a manageable size.
Analytical or Inferential statistics: Deals with methods that enable a conclusion to be
drawn from data. E.g. A sample of population can predict the whole range related to the
population. These are concerned with drawing conclusion from the data and the conclusion
drawn will influence subsequent decisions.
The need for a formal methodology of statistics arises from the variability inherent in
observational and experimental data. The quantities which vary are called variable (e.g.
height, age, sex), those which do not vary are called constant. Inductive (analytical) statistics
involves a search for some degree of generalization whereby on the basis of the available

20. data, we can make predictions, estimations and draw inference beyond the contents of the
available sets of data.
2.4 SOURCES OF STATISTICS
The sources of statistics are as follows:
Routine Health Record Services: This data are dealing with morbidity and mortality data,
diseases treatment, outpatient, attendances, admissions, discharges, deaths etc., which is
obtained from the record of health services in health institutions.
Epidemiological Surveillance Data: This covers immunization records notifiable diseases,
indication of diseases, incidence and prevalence.
Gross Sectional Study: In a gross sectional study, causes and effect are measured
simultaneously at the same time e.g. the relationship between hypertension and body
building.
Retrospective Study or Case Control: this is concern with the effect and goes backward to
the postulate cause, i.e. person with the disease are compare with the controls.
Prospective Study: This stand with the cause and goes forward to the effect.
School Health Records: These are information collected from schools/institutions on health
matters i.e. daily treatment to school children or immunization.
Hospital Records: Through hospital records, information on illness, births, deaths, diseases
could be obtained.
National Sample Survey: Sampling from the population could be done on prevailing illness,
births and marriages that occurred in the population Local Government Area Records: It

21. refers to immunization records and prevention to disease like measles, whooping cough,
tetanus, etc.
Traditional Birth Attendance and Traditional Heaters: These are data on births and
illness obtained from the traditional heaters using simple method (oral).
Demographic Studies: These are records of statistical study of human population on health
matters.
Churches, Mosques and Community Records: These are data especially on marriages.
Journals: These are the information collected in academic journals on health for the purpose
of drawing attention to some specific areas on health matters.
2.5 0BJECTIVE OF STATISTICS
The principal objective of statistics is to make data and information readily available
for decision making purpose, Data are raw facts about a phenomenon or situation while
information is data processed in to more useful and meaningful form. The original idea of
statistics was to gather information about the state, for use by its government but these days,
statistics is being used in all areas of human endeavor.
2.6 GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF STATISTICS
The functions are as follows:
 It enables researchers to present fact in a definite form.
 It simplifies complex mass of data and presents them in the manner that is intelligible at a
glance.

22.  It classified numerical data (facts) into salient feature of the variable of interest under
investigation.
 It provides a technique of comparison in which the already classified fact can be used for
purpose of contrast.
 It enables researchers to interpret his finding whereby they can develop the possible cause
for their result finding.
 It helps for planning purpose.
 For monitoring and evaluation of projects and development programs.
 To determine evidence to form basis for formulation of government policy that will
facilitate social-economic development of the state.
 To determine measure of standard for quality control purpose.
 To determine health priorities to find out what are the main problems and needs.
 It is used as a comparison of past and present performance of the hospital.
 It is used to review hospital budget I.e. prepare government estimates of cost of providing
hospital care.
 To evaluate the uses of existing services.
 To show the relationship between health and factors such as age, sex, occupation and
environmental condition.
 To monitor environment condition e.g. Air and noise pollution.
 To provide international units of measurements.
 For international comparability.
 To evaluate current health programs.
 For prediction of health trends.
 To know the day to day operation of the hospital.
 It helps to compile the annual report of the hospital.

23.  To compare the past performance with the present and project into the future.
 To determine the quality and quantity of work done.
 For education and teaching.
2.7 IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS IN HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT
Scope and uses of statistics in health information management department. In
comparison with the student of yesterday, the health information management student of
today may ask why I should be a practicing health information manager, making something
about statistics? There are several reasons explained below:
The planning, conduct and interpretation of much-of medical research have become
increasingly reliant on statistical methodology. The questions that some health information
managers are facing in dealing with the analysis is of a broader perspective.
The health information managers of yesterday only deals with collection,
classification, tabulation and presentation of data collected but with a modern technology
(computer) and the advancement in the profession, health information managers are
frequently statistical in nature in order to provide a sound basis. The profession is becoming
increasingly qualitative as technology is progressing, the health information managers
encounter more quantitative approach rather than descriptive information.
In summary, statistics is the language of assembling and handling of quantitative
material.

24. 2.8 USES OF STATISTICS TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Statistics are useful to health professionals in two ways, because of this; it requires
attachment of great importance.
The uses of statistics to health professionals are as follows:
 Research purposes.
 Training and education.
Research Purposes: Research is an advancement in medical knowledge; statistical data
gathered from health information management department are the bedrock of researchers
because statistics is all essential tool in carrying out a research work. The researchers rely on
the statistical data collected from the health information management department to carry out
their research work. Researchers use statistics to see patterns of diseases in groups of people,
this can help in figuring out who is at risk for certain diseases, finding ways to control the
diseases and deciding which diseases should be studied.
Training and Education: statistical data are used to train and educate both medical and
paramedical students in order to expose them to the happenings within the health institutions
Likewise the necessary steps and methods of collating statistical data are explain to students
to get them educated.
2.9 BENEFITS OF STATISTICS IN HEALTH CARE FIELD
Statistical data helps to assure service efficiency and quality in health care.
Quantitative research guides health care decision makers with statistical numerical data
collected from measurement or observation that describe the characteristics of specific
population sample.

25. Descriptive statistics summarize the utility efficacy and cost of medical goods and
services
Increasingly, health care organizations employ statistical analysis to measure their
performance outcomes. Hospitals and other large provider service organizations implement
data driven continuous quality improvement programs to maximize efficiency. Government
health and human service agencies gauge the overall health and wellbeing of populations
with statistical information.
2.10 USES OF STATISTICS BY HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Uses of statistics by Hospital management for health planning and administrative
purposes are listed below:
1. To know the day to day activities of the hospital.
2. To compile the annual report.
3. To plan expansion of hospital facilities
4. Economic utilization of hospital services.
5. Effective administration and operation of hospital to provide care for its patients.
6. Organization, coordination and planning of hospital services in a state or health
management zone or boards.
7. Helps the hospital management to know the mortality rate, efficiency of drugs, the
development of national program and testing of vaccines etc.
8. Statistical data is the tool that the government uses to make allocation to various health
institutions. This is based on the higher the rate of patients' attendance, the higher the
need of the hospital.

26. 2.11 LIMITATION OF STATISTICS
Although it is done that statistics can be employed by the seeker of truth in numerous
fields of learning, but it has limitation since it cannot be made to ensure all kind of
phenomenon. For example, some object cannot be quantified numerically e.g. Health,
poverty, intelligent etc. It deals with aggregate or lumps of object and not individual case, as
individual case cannot be analyzed statistically. Accuracy cannot be hundred percent assured
since estimation of the population is usually taking sample observation. Therefore statistical
data is only an approximated value.
Lastly, it can establish wrong conclusion when wrongly used by the non-professional.
Instead experts are required in drawing conclusion or inference on numerical information.
2.12 COMPONENTS NECESSARY FOR CALCULATION
Vacant Bed Days (VBD): Are the total number of beds that are not in use for a specific
period.
Closed Bed Days (CBD): These are the beds that cannot be used. It may be due to bed
damaged or close of ward for fumigation.
Available Bed Days (ABD): It is the total number of beds that are ready for use in a specific
period.
Occupied Bed (OB): These are the total number of bed that are actually in use and occupied
by patients.
Turn over Interval (TOI): It is the average number of days beds lie vacant between
successive patients.

27. Average Length of Stay (ALS): This is the average number of days a patient spends on a
hospital bed over a given period.
Percentage of occupancy (% of occupancy): Is the average number of beds occupied for a
period compare to the average number of beds available for the same period expressed as a
percentage. It is use for measuring the pressure on beds and equitable distribution of available
beds to the various specialties.
Discharges and Deaths (DD): Is the sum of patient that have been hospitalized and
discharged.
Occupied Bed Days (OBD): This is the sum of occupied bed for a period.
Turn over Rate (TOR): This is the average number of patients that could be treated by bed
within a particular period.
Temporary Beds (TB): These are additional beds brought in to supplement available bed for
that period, temporary may be introduced to accommodate patient due to outbreak of disease
epidemics, accidents or serious emergencies.
2.13 CALCULATION OF BED INDICES
Period = ALS x D+D / OB
Available Bed = ABD / P or (ALS + TOI) x D+D / P
Occupied Bed = OBD / P or ALS x D+D / P
Available Bed days = OBD or ALS x D+D
Occupied Bed Days = OB x P
Average Length of Stay = OBD / D+D

28. Vacant Bed = AB - OB or D+D Xx TOI / P
Turn over Interval = ABD – OBP / D+D or VBD / D+D
Vacant Bed Days = ABD – OBD / D+D or D+D x TOI
Turn over Per Bed = D+D / AB
Percentage of Occupancy = OBD / ABD x 100
Tum Over per Occupied Bed = D+D / OB
Discharge + Death = OBD / ALS
2.14 RATE AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
RATES UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Available Bed Days Days
Occupied Bed Days Days
Vacant Bed Days Days
Period Days
Discharge and Death Patients
Turn over Interval Days
Turn Over Per Occupied Bed Patient per bed

29. 2.15 CONCEPTUAI. FRAME WORK
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
To examine how statistical
information are used in health care
evaluation. To assess the support
rendered to the health information
managers/statisticians in the
performance of their official
duties. To examine the purpose of
health care statistics.
OBJECTIVES OF STATISTICS
The principal objective of statistics
is to make data and information
readily available for decision
making. To gather information
about the state, in order to be used
by the government.
To help the researcher to interprets
his findings.
METHOD OF STATISTICS
 Collecting
 Organizing
 Analyzing
 Interpreting
 Summarizing
 Presenting
BENEFITS OF STATISTICS TO
THE HOSPITAL
 Helps to assure efficiency and
quality in health care.
 To know the day to day
activities.
 To compare the annual reports.
 To plan expansion of hospital
facilities.
 To make allocations to various
health institutions.
ASSESMENT OF THE IMPACT
OF HEALTH CARE
STATISTICS ON HEALTH
CARE PLANNING IN HEALTH
CARE DELIVERY
HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
 Specialist doctors
 Nurses
 Health Information Officers
 Pharmacist
 Lab Scientist
 Etc.


30. CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the methods used in gathering the needed information,
explanation were provided on research design, sample size, method of data collection and
techniques for analysis. This chapter is divided into the following sub sections, research
design, study population, sample size and sampling techniques, instrumentation, validity and
reliability of instruments, data collection procedure and source of data, and method of data
analysis.
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
The research was conducted by means of descriptive survey design in order to
generate data necessary for this study. Basically, questionnaire was used to elicit necessary
information from the respondents.
3.3 STUDY POPULATION
The study population are the member of staff of Obafemi Awolowo University
Teaching Hospital Complex, (OAUTHC) lle-Ife. The population consist of one thousand
three hundred and twelve (1312) respondents.

31. 3.4 SAMPLING SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
A total of one hundred and twenty (120) questionnaires were designed and distributed
among the staff of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC)
11e-lfe, and one hundred and ten (110) were properly filled and return for analysis making
92% response rate. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents
for the study.
3.5 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION
The instrument used to collect data for this study was structured questionnaire. This
questionnaire is divided into four sub-sections namely (A, B, C and D). Section (A) of the
questionnaire focuses on demographic data of the respondent such as, Age, Sex, Marital
status, religion etc. Section (B) of the questionnaire was design to examine how statistical
information are used in health care evaluation. Section (C) of the questionnaire was to assess
the support rendered to health information managers/statisticians in the performance of their
official duties. Section (D) of the questionnaire was structured to examine the purpose of
health care statistics.
3.6 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
Validity is the strength of our conclusions/inferences or propositions. It is refers to the
extent to which conclusion or a measurement is well founded and corresponds accurately to
the real world. It is the degree to which a test measure what is intended to measure. It is the
extent to which the measurements reflect the true state of affairs.

32. Reliability is the consistency of your measurement, or the degree to which an
instrument measures the same way each time it is used with the same condition and with the
same subjects.
In short reliability is the repeatability of your measurement. It is important to
remember that reliability is not measured, it is estimated.
All the necessary corrections were done on the instrument (questionnaire) before final
administration, through vetting and scrutinizing by the supervisor.
3.7 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
A self-administered questionnaire method was adopted by the researcher by going to
various department and units for the distribution of the questionnaires and the questionnaires
were retrieved back after completion.
A total number of 120 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents at
OAUTHC, lle-lfe, a total number of 110 questionnaires were returned respectively.
3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
The set of data collected for the study were analyzed using chi square. The results
were presented using frequency distribution and percentage analysis.

33. CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
A total of 120 questionnaires were designed and distributed among the personnel of
OAUTHC, and one hundred and ten (110) were properly filled and returned for analysis
making 92% response rate. The analysis is presented in the following order.
4.2.1 Table 1: Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
Variable Parameter Classification Frequency Percentage
Age <21
21 – 30
31 – 40
41 – 50
>50
Total
0
31
39
28
12
110
0.0
28.2
35.4
25.5
10.9
100.0
Sex Female
Male
Total
60
50
110
54.5
45.5
100.0
Department/Unit Health Information
Management
Consultant
Nursing
Pharmacist
Administrative
Laboratory
Total
34
19
21
16
10
10
110
30.9
17.3
19.1
14.5
9.1
9.1
100.0
Educational
Background
SSCE
NCE/ND
HND
BSC
MASTERS
PHD
Total
1
7
26
43
27
6
110
0.9
6.4
23.6
39.1
24.5
5.5
100.0
Ethnicity Yoruba
Hausa
Igbo
Total
95
0
15
110
86.4
0.0
13.6
100.0

34. Religion Islam
Christianity
Traditional
Total
37
73
0
110
33.6
66.4
0.0
100.0
Marital Status Single
Married
Widow
Total
23
87
0
110
20.9
79.1
0.0
100.0
Working Experience <10
10 – 20
20 – 30
>30
Total
70
25
10
5
110
63.6
22.7
9.1
4.6
100.0
From the table above, it was observed that none of the respondents were below age
21, 31 (28.2%) were in the age group 21-30, 39 (35.4%) were within the age range 31-40, 28
(25.5%) were in the age 41-50, and 12 (10.9%) of the respondents were above 50. Hence as
indicated in the table, majority of the respondents are within the age 31-40 years. The table
also showed that majority of the respondents 60 (54.5%) were females and 50 (45.5%) were
males.
The table also revealed that 34 (30.9%) of the population were from health
information management department, 19 (17.3%) were the consultants, 21 (19.1%) were
from nursing department, 16 (14.5%) were from pharmacy department, 10 (9.1%) were from
administrative department, and 10 (9.1%) were from laboratory department. The table also
stated further that only 1 (0.9%) of the respondents was Secondary School Certificate holder,
7 (6.4%) had National Diploma, 26 (23.6%) had Higher National Dip ma, 43 (39.1%) were
BSc holders, 27 (24.5%) had Masters while the remaining 6 (5.5%) had PhDs.
The table also showed further that the majority of the respondents were Yoruba 95
(86.4%), none of the respondents were Hausa, and 15 (13.6%) were Igbo's. The table also
revealed that 37 (33.6%) were Islam, 73 (66.4%) were Christian and none of them were from

35. traditional religion. The table also showed that 23 (20.9%) were single, 87 (79.1%) were
married, and none of the respondents were widower.
The table also showed the working experience of the staff of the Obafemi Awolowo
University Teaching Hospital Complex, lle-lfe, which shows that 70 (63.6%) were below l0
years in service, 25 (22.7%) were within 10 - 20 years in service, 10 (9.1%) of the
respondents were within the range of 20-30 years in service, and 15 (4.6%) were above 30
years in service.
4.2.2 Table 2: This table shows how statistical information are used in health care
evaluation.
S/N Variable A % SA % D % SD % I % Total
1 Statistical
Information are
essential in
health care
65 59.0 45 41.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 100
2 Statistical
analysis has an
impact in health
care evaluation
58 53.0 49 44.0 3 3.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 100
3 Statistical
Information are
used in this
health care
delivery
70 64.0 24 22.0 10 9.0 0 0.0 6 5.0 100
4 Staffs of
OAUTHC are
well educated
on the
usefulness of
statistical data
39 35.0 13 12.0 29 26.0 2 2.0 27 25.0 100
5 Statistical
information are
well managed in
this health care
delivery
50 45.0 24 22.0 24 22.0 0 0.0 12 11.0 100
285 256.0 155 141.0 66 60.0 2 2.0 45 41.0 500

36. The hypothesis on this table was tested using chi Square analysis as shown in the table below
at 5% level of significance.
The observed values were selected at random from the simple percentage analysis table 2
while the expected values were calculated using the observed value data from the formulae;
Ti = I.e. Number of questionnaire X Percentage
Table 2.1
Oi Li Oi – Li (Oi – Li)2
(Oi – Li)2
/ Li
288 87.400 194.600 37863.16 433.29
155 87.400 67.600 4569.76 52.29
66 13.600 52.400 2745.76 201.89
2 13.600 -11.600 134.56 9.89
45 8.998 36.002 1296.14 144.05
841.41
X2
calculated = 841.41
Where V is the degree of freedom obtained from the relationship (m-1) Therefore X2
(m-1),
0.05 = X2
(5-1), 0.05
X2
= 4, 0.05 X2
= 9.49
X2
tabulated = 9.49
Conclusion: Since X2
calculated is >X2
tabulated i.e. 841.41 > 9.49, therefore the null
hypothesis was rejected and conclude that statistical information can be used to evaluate the
patient care in health care delivery.

37. 4.2.3 Table 3: Shows the support rendered to the health information managers/statisticians
in the performance of their official duties.
S/N Variable A % SA % D % SD % I % Total
1 There is an assistant
rendered to the health
information
managers/statisticians
in the performance of
their official duties.
30 27.0 11 10.0 10 9.0 14 13.0 45 41.0 100
2 Collation of statistics
is adequately funded.
23 21.0 12 11.0 35 32.0 35 32.0 5 4.0 100
3 There is an
encouragement given
to the health
information
managers/statisticians
during the statistical
compilation
25 23.0 10 9.0 36 33.0 10 9.0 29 26.0 100
4 The support rendered
to the health
information
managers/statisticians
can improve their
work
45 41.0 56 51.0 4 4.0 0 0.0 5 4.0 100
The hypothesis on this table was also tested at 5% level of significant.
Table 3.1
Oi Li Oi – Li (Oi – Li)2
(Oi – Li)2
/ Li
123 52.998 70.002 4900.28 92.46
89 52.998 36.002 1296.14 24.46
85 36.003 48.997 2400.71 66.68
59 36.003 22.997 528.86 14.69
84 20.999 63.001 3969.13 189.02
387.31

38. X2
calculated = 387.31
Where V is the degree of freedom from the relationship (m - 1) therefore X2
(m - 1), 0.05
X2
(4 – 1), 0.05 X2
= 3, 0.05 X2
= 7.81 X2
Tabulated = 7.81
Conclusion: Since X2
calculated is > X2
tabulated i.e. 387.31 > 7.81, therefore the null
hypothesis was rejected and conclude that health information managers/statisticians are not
well supported in the performance of their official duties.
4.2.4 Table 4: Showing the purpose of health care statistics in health care delivery.
S/N Variable A % SA % D % SD % I % Total
1 Statistics can promote
the multi sectoral
collaboration in health
institutions.
60 55.0 50 45.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 100
2 Statistics can make the
government to make
an appropriate budget
for health care
delivery.
45 41.0 60 54.0 3 3.0 2 2.0 0 0.0 100
3 Statistics has an effect
in health care delivery.
55 50.0 35 32.0 14 13.0 2 2.0 4 3.0 100
4 Statistics can be useful
in planning, research
and intervention
programs for growth
of health institution.
40 36.0 70 64.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 100
5 Statistics can make a
positive change in
health care delivery.
37 34.0 73 66.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 100
The hypothesis on this table was also tested at 5% level of significant Table 4.1
Oi Li Oi – Li (Oi – Li)2
(Oi – Li)2
/ Li
237 104.995 132.005 17435.32 165.96

39. 228 104.995 183.005 33490.80 318.98
17 4.202 12.798 163.79 38.98
4 4.202 -0.202 0.04 0.01
4 0.803 3.197 10.22 12.73
536.66
X2
Calculated = 536.66
When V is the degree of freedom from the relationship (m-1) Therefore X2
= (m-1), 0.05
= (5-1), 0.05
= 4, 0.05
= 9.49
X2
Tabulated = 9.49
Conclusion: Since X2
calculated is > X2
tabulated i.e. 536.66 > 9.49, the null hypothesis is
hereby rejected and conclude that health care statistics have a significant purpose in health
care delivery.
4.3 Discussion of findings
The study revealed to us that majority of the respondents 39 (35.4%) were within the
range 31-40 years. The study also showed that majority of the respondents 60 (54.5) were
females and only 50 (45.5%) were males. Majority of the respondents 87 (79.1%) were
married and only 23 (20.9%) were single. The study also revealed to us that 37 (33.6%) of the
respondents were from Islam, 73 (66.4%) were Christianity and none of them were from

40. traditional religion. It was also observed from the study that majority of the respondents are
Yoruba 95 (86.4%), none of the respondents was Hausa and 15 (13.6%) were Igbo's.
It was also observed that 80% of the workers in Ife hospital unit of Obafemi
Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex agreed that statistical information can be
used to evaluate the patients care in health care delivery while 12% of the workers disagreed
that statistical information cannot be used to evaluate the patients care in health care delivery
and 8% of the workers were indifference.
It was also recorded that 48% of the workers agreed that health information
managers/statisticians are well supported in the performance of their official duties while
33% of the workers disagreed that health information managers/statisticians are not supported
in the performance of their official duties and 19% of the workers were indifference.
It was also obvious from the study that 95% of the workers agreed that health care
statistics have a significant purpose in health care delivery while 4% of the workers disagreed
that health care statistics does not have a significant purpose in health care delivery and 1%
of the workers was indifference.

41. CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter discuss the brief summary, conclusion and recommendation based on the
findings.
5.2 SUMMARY
The study critically based on the Assessment of the Impact of Health Care Statistics
on Health Care Planning in Health Care Delivery in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching
Hospital Complex, lle-Ife, Osun State. Three (3) research questions were used in this study in
which 14 questions were structured out in the questionnaire. A total of 120 questionnaires
were distributed among the workers of OAUTHC while 110 of the questionnaires were
retrieved back and simple random sampling technique was used in this study. The findings
revealed that statistical information is essential to evaluate the patients care in health care
delivery. It was also observed that health information managers/statisticians are not supported
in the performance of their official duties. The study also revealed that health care statistics
have a significant purpose in health care delivery.
5.3 CONCLUSION
Since statistics is not collected just for record purpose, but also for assessing the
adequacy, progress, efficiency, effectiveness and impacts of health services and programs on
the health and quality of life of the population. The study now concluded that health
information managers/statisticians in OAUTHC should be well supported in the performance
of their official duties in order to achieve its major purpose. The study also concluded that the
collation of statistics should be adequately funded in order to present an accurate result.

42. 5.4 RECOMMENDATION
To attain and achieve optimum benefit from statistical data, since we realize that
statistics is very important in our various health institutions as it has a direct effect in health
care evaluation which invariably affects the quality of care that is given to the patient, the
following recommendation were made.
The personnel involved in statistical collection, collation and analysis should be
exposed to training and retraining by attending seminars, symposium, workshop etc.
The federal government should accord to statistics the recognition and support it
deserves by making people involved in its collection and collation which are the Health
Information Managers/Statisticians to be part of the policy makers.
Sufficient funds should be earmarked to ensure reliable statistical data.
The relevant facilities such as equipment and materials should be made available in an
enabling environment.
Encouragement should be given to the personnel during the statistical compilation for the
work to be more effective and efficient.

43. REFERENCES
Abel Mizrahr and Michael Sullivant (1979): Mathematics tor Business and social.
Adamu S.O. (1993): Statistics for Beginners. Page l - 3.
Alabi M.A (1997): Theory and Problem of Statistics. Page 11
Amir, D.A (1980): Statistics concept and applications. Page 2 - 4
Captain John Graunt (1661): First study of vital statistics.
Eve Mercy Ada Anwiye: Statistical handbook for economist and social science. Page 1 - 2.
Francis GP Nelson (1845): Contribution to vital statistics.
G. L Thirkettle (1972): Health Statistics and Statistical Methods. Page 4.
G. Udny Yule (1927): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics. Page 1 - 2
Goldstone, LA. (1983): Understanding Medical Statistics. Page 5 – 6.
Gottfried Achenwall (1794): Statistics (A study manual).
Gupter (1992): Introduction to Statistics Method (fourth edition). Page 2 - 5.
Harper W.M (1971): Statistics text book second edition. Page 1 - 5.
Horton, Loretta A. Calculating and Reporting Health Care Statistics. Chicago,
AHIMA, 2004.
Huffman, Edna K. Health Information Management. 10th ed. Berwyn, IL: Physicians
Record Company, 1994.

44. I.K AGAJA: Statistics on Health Records and Information Management. Page 12 - 13, Page
15, Page 172 - 175 Lecture note on health and vital statistics. Macmillan English Dictionary
for Advanced Learners. New Edition.
Marguerite F. Hall: Public Health Statistics.
Mrs. O.A Adelaja (1992): Uses of Health Statistics. Page 8 – 9.
Raymond Pearl (1930): Introduction to Medical Biometry and Statistics. Page 5.
Shurka, Margaret. Health Information Management: Principles and organization for Health
Information services. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2003.

45. HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT,
COLLEGE OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY, FOREIGN LINKS CAMPUS,
MORO, IFE-NORTH, OSUN STATE.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondent(s),
I am a final year student of the above named institution. This questionnaire is
designed to “Assess the Impact of Health Care Statistics on Health Care planning in
Health Care Delivery in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, lle-
lfe, Osun State”. It is purely on academics exercise, it has nothing to do with individual
private life, neither have the questions that can implicate any value of yours. All information
supplied will be treated with strict confidentiality. THANKS.
INSTRUCTION: please tick (√) where necessary.
SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Age in years: Below 21 ( ), 21-30 ( ), 31-40 ( ), 41-50 ( ), 50 and above ( )
Sex: Female ( ), Male ( )
Department/Unit: HIM ( ), Consultant ( ), Nursing ( ), Pharmacist ( ), others
please specify …………………
Educational Background: SSCE ( ), NCE/ND ( ), HND ( ), BSC ( ),
MASTERS ( ), PhD ( ), others please specify …………………….
Ethnicity: Yoruba ( ), Hausa ( ), Igbo ( )
Religion: Islam ( ), Christianity ( ), Traditional ( )
Marital Status: Single ( ), Married ( ), Divorce ( ), Widow ( )

46. Working experience: Below 10 years ( ), 10-20 years ( ), 20-30 years ( ), above 30
years ( )
Please tick the answer that best represent your mind on the questions in the table below.
Note: A-AGREE, D-DISAGREE, I-INDIFFRENT, SA-STRONGLY AGREE, SD-
STRONGLY DISAGREE.
SECTION B: THIS SECTION IS TO EXAMINE HOW STATISTICAL INFORMATION
ARE USED IN HEALTH CARE EVALUATION.
S/N PARAMETERS A D SA SD I
1 Statistical Information is essential in health care
delivery.
2 Statistical analysis has an impact in health care
evaluation.
3 Statistical information are used in this health care
delivery.
4 Staff of OAUTHC are well educated on the usefulness
of statistical data.
5 Statistical information are well managed in this health
care.
SECTION C: THIS SECTION IS TO ASSESS THE SUPPORT RENDERED TO HEALTH
INFORMATION MANAGERS/STATISTICIANS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THEIR
OFFICIAL DUTIES.
S/N PARAMETERS A D SA SD I
1 There is an assistant rendered to the health information
managers/statisticians in the performance of their
official duties.
2 Collation of statistics is adequately funded.
3 There is an encouragement given to the health
information managers/statisticians during the statistical
compilation.
4 The support rendered to the health information
managers/statisticians can improve the work.

47. S/N PARAMETERS A D SA SD I
1 Statistics can promote the multi sectoral collaboration.
2 Statistics can make the government to make an
appropriate budget.
3 Statistics has an effect in health care delivery.
4 Statistics can be useful in planning, research and
intervention programs.
5 Statistics can make a positive change in health care
delivery.
What do you consider as the major factor militating against an effective collection and
collation of statistical data in this health care delivery?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
What are the benefits of statistics in health care delivery?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………...