There are many statistical approaches to analyse text Statistical methods in text analysis: Collapsing Alphabetizing Represent Deconstruct

1. Using ICT to Analyse
Language
- Ahmad Septianto (7777200008)
- Eka N. Nathiqo (7777200002)
- Fitri Ammalia D. A. (7777200017)
- Nuni Tuswijayani (7777200016)

2. Analysis and English Teaching!
There are many statistical approaches to analyse text
Statistical methods in text analysis:
- Collapsing
- Alphabetizing
- Represent
- Deconstruct
Using ICT, researchers can:
- Count frequencies
- Identify patterns
- Sort text according to
keywords

3. Introducing: Wordle!
A visual text analyser
Wordle allows you to create “Word Cloud” which is
the visual representation of a text.
The most frequently used words will grow larger,
emphasizing the main points of the writing.
Wordle.net
Tagxedo.com
Pro Word Cloud on Microsoft Office
@wordnuvola on Twitter

4. Wordle Tutorial

5. Corpus Linguistics
Corpus linguistics is the study of language based on large collections of "real life" language use stored in
corpora (or corpuses)—computerized databases created for linguistic research.
Corpus linguistics allows us to see how language is used today and how that language is used in different
contexts, enabling us to teach language more effectively.
Corpus is a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded
speech. The main purpose of a corpus is to verify a hypothesis about language - for example, to
determine how the usage of a particular sound, word, or syntactic construction varies.

6. Activity Outline
1. A close reading of the text
2. Identification of phrases that seem to catch the eye (‘Target Phrases’); that appear to conceal information; or in any other way signal inte
3. Mark each one for examination ( Ask question : What you think you want to know ?)
4. Analysis: Students type the target phrases into the online corpus and review the results, asking themselves these sorts of questions:
· What contexts are associated with the phrase?
· What other words are friendly with the phrase? – near collocations
· Are there any inseparable friends? A best friend?
· Do you spot any patterns? (write them down!)
· Is there a reason for the pattern? Can you propose a theory? What can be seen
in the words?
5. Review

7. EXAMPLE :
HEAVEN-HEAVEN
A nun takes the veil
I have desired to go
Where springs not fail,
To fields where flies no sharp and sided hail
And a few lilies blow.
And I have asked to be
Where no storms come,
Where the green swell is in the havens dumb
And out of the swing of the sea.
Concordancer online url:
https://app.sketchengine.eu/

8. Using an Offline Corpus
AntConc (http://bit.ly/te_26).
The program will give you some advantages such as :
1. A word list with frequency counts
2. Collocation patterns,
3. Allow to compare one text with another one to identify ‘key words’ that have special
prominence in each text.
AntConc is a powerful tool for creating really exciting new classroom resources, and will repay the
effort required to learn its features.

9. AntConc

10. Working with Concordance Lines in a Word Processor
- Word Processor
- Concordance Lines
- Analyzing KWIC

11. Word Processor
Word Processor is a device or computer program that provides for input, editing,
formatting and output of text, often with some additional features.

12. Concordance Lines
Retrieved concordance line from corpus online/offline (concordancers)

13. Concordance Lines

14. Analyzing KWIC

15. What are The Dominant Patterns of Use for ‘State of The Art”?
State of The Art is a phrase that is used to replace a specific term or
meaning

16. The Patterns
- The meaning of state of the art can be anything
- In advertisement, the meaning could be a product includes all the most recent
improvement
- It mostly relates with collocations:
- Computers
- Technology
- Kitchens
- systems.
(It shall be held to compromise everything made available to the public)

17. -the hyphens-
To make up two long hyphenated compound adjectives
The journalist, somehow, has played with another aspect of the target phrase.

18. state-of-the-art
- My dad has a state-of-the-art computer, it runs Windows 95 but struggles with XP
- Fine with elastic band, but not a chance of broadband
Example of state-of-the-art

19. Analyzing with concordance about state-of-the-art
So let’s try to analyze it by using concordancer in corpus online.
Concordancer online url: https://app.sketchengine.eu/

20. Follow-through
Used to produce an interesting grammar pattern. Follow-through can be applied as
teaching material for students to make learning more interesting.
E.g : in a poem, the writer used phrase “throw up”, this phrase has universal
meaning.
- What the metaphor behind phrase?

21. The synonym of “Throw up”

22. Example :
Throw Up Chris Warrent
I throw up my hands
In despair
in shock
in horror
In ultimate defeat
My life conspires to throw up
Surprises, problems, difficulties
and
Unexpected shattering conclusions
Living every day throws up
Faults in character,
Embarrassing blemishes
Half-healed scars . . .
No good concealing them.
They rise, dark, half-hidden whales,
To the surface of my eyes
From the deeps of long-gone wars
Like ghosts of sunken battleships.
And no matter that I try
To throw up a palisade
The outside world still lobs
A sudden grenade
Into the foxhole
Wrecking everything I’ve made.
It makes me want, It makes me
want

23. Preposition Dance
❖ Make a long list of prepositions as a class brainstorm.
❖ Choose a common verb.
❖ Match it with each preposition.
❖ Investigate each variant in a corpus.
❖ Each variant will carry several meanings. Make a list of the meanings and the common collocations
for each variant.

24. ● What contexts are associated with the phrase?
● What are its collocations?
● Are there any words that always occur with the phrase?
● Do you spot any patterns? (write them down!)
● Is there a reason for the pattern? Can you propose a
theory? What can be seen in
● the words? Invent a theory to cover what you can see
(Your Hypothesis)
● Where appropriate, return to the Hypothesis and test it
further using the corpus
● (e.g. try the same preposition with another verb to see
if it has the same effect)
● Modify the hypothesis in the light of what is found

25. THANK YOU