India has established several national initiatives and policies to address climate change and sustainable transport, including the National Action Plan on Climate Change with eight missions, and the National Urban Transport Policy. The policies focus on integrating land use and transport planning, expanding public and non-motorized transport, and using innovations financing. However, implementing sustainable transport projects in India faces unique challenges due to factors like the dominance of two-wheelers, rising incomes encouraging personal vehicle ownership, and constraints from climate and terrain in some cities. Several cities are now working to introduce modern bus services and bus rapid transit systems, but have encountered problems due to lack of capacity and experience in planning and operating sustainable transport projects.

1. Climate Change and Transport in India: Initiatives and experience O.P. Agarwal Managing Director, Urban Mass Transit Co. Vice President, Institute of Urban Transport (India) TRB 2009

6. Thus: National Urban Transport Policy National Urban Renewal Mission Established a Framework for action Created an incentive for implementation

8. Public Bus Transport in India Out of 85 cities with over 0.5 million people, only 20 have a structured bus service City population Number Number with formal bus services > 4 million 7 7 1 – 4 million 28 8 0.5 to 1.0 million 50 5 0.1 to 0.5 million 370 NIL