The document discusses the concept of Viśeṣa (specificity or distinction) in Ayurveda. It states that Viśeṣa, like Samanya, is a fundamental principle in Ayurveda. Manifestation and alleviation of diseases and maintenance of health are based on the distinct properties of substances, qualities and actions, which are called Viśeṣa Padarthas. The purpose of Ayurveda, maintaining tissue balance, is fulfilled through Viśeṣa Padarthas. Viśeṣa exists in substances, qualities, and actions and plays an important role in treatment by reducing aggravated doshas, tissues, etc. through opposing forces based on

1. DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

2. Introduction
Part 01 Classification
Part 02
Practical Application
Part 03 Principles and examples
Part 04
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

3. • Like Sāmānya, Višeșa is also very important in Ayurveda. It is
also a fundamental Principle in Ayurveda.
• Manifestation, alleviation of the diseases and for mainte nance
of health, the distinctness of Dravya, Guna and Karma, are all
based on Višeșa Padartha only.
• Hence Višeșa Padartha is also has an important role in
Ayurvedic fundamental principle.
• The purpose of Ayurveda i.e. ”dhatu samya kriya” will be
fullfilled with Višeșa Padārtha.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

4. • Example:
– The body becomes thin
because of Vata and Plump
by Māmsa. So Māmsa is
distinguished from Vāta.
Višeșa is the cause for
diminution or decrease
• Example:
– Vāta is reduced by Mamsa.
– In Ayurveda Višeșa
generally means Viparita
or contrary. Vāgbhata
says Viparīta causes for
decrease
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

5. • Višeșa like Sāmānya is also of three like:
1. Dravya Višeșa
2. Guna Višeșa
3. Karma Višeșa.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

6. • Reducing the Dosas, Dhātus etc, by using the Dravyas
dissimilar to other Dravyas is called as Dravya Višeșa.
– e.g., If water mixed with honey is used, it reduces the
increased Medo Dhātu.
– Likewise Raagi and Maize also decrease the increased Medo
Dhātu.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

7. • The variant properties or attributes decrease the
variant at tributes of the body because of Guna Višeșa.
– e.g., Taila consists of the attributes viz Uşņa, Snigdha and
Guru. By using Taila continously for a longer period it
reduces the Sita, Rükṣa and Laghu attributes of Vāta
respectively.
– Similarly Guduci because of its Sita Guna reduces the Usna
Guna of Pitta.
– Hence it is called Guna Višeșa.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

8. • Because of the variant activity if the actions of the
body are reduced that is known as Karma Višeșa.
– e.g., Because of swimming and Jumping the stableness of
Kapha is reduced as a result the increased Kapha reduced.
– The action of Vāta is movement or calana.
– When Vāta is increased the patient will be given rest.
– As a result the action movement of Vāta will be reduced, as
a result the increased Vāta will be reduced.
– Hence it is called Karma Višeșa.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

9. • While describing Sāmānya and Višeșa Caraka states that
“sarvada sarvabhavanam Sāmānya vridhikaranam
hrashetuVišeșach pravratiubhyastthu”(ch/su1/44)
• In the above śloka the word "pravritiubhyastu" has a
significant role in the treatment as well as in the maintenance
of health.
• Without using either Sāmānya causes for increase nor Viseşa
causes for reduction.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

10. • After consuming and after digestion only, the Dravyas trans
formed into Dhātus.
• Such transformed Dhātus only cause for in crease and
reduction in the Dhātus.
• Even though Māamsatwa exists in Goat meat, Goat meat does
not increase märsa Dhātu, until it is utilized. Such is the case
in Višeșa also.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

11. • Caraka also substantiates this view, in the
statement”pravritiubhyastthu', which means by utilizing
Sāmānya and Višeșa si multaneously it causes for both
increase and reduction; or for the maintenance of normalcy of
the Dhatus Sāmānya and Višeșa Dravyas should be used.

12. • If Višeşa Padārtha is not accepted the distinctness among the
Padarthas can not be understood, and segregation is also not
possible.
• Atma and Mana of Individuals can not be dis tinguished.
• As the Mana is different from individual to individu al, one can
not acquire the knowledge of Mana of others.
• Višeșa is the cause for this distinctness.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

13. • The main aim of Ayurveda is to keep the Dhātus in
normal/healthy state.
– Dravya Višeșa as Reducing Factor
• The increased Marsa is decreased if Gavedhuka is used, this is
based on Dravya Višeşa.
• Generally, the utility of Sāmānya is Nutrition or Poşāņa of Dhātus,
where as the utility of Višeșa is mainly in treatment.
• In Sāmānya the Dravyas are utilized keeping in view of the Dhātus,
whereas in Cikitsã the main aim is the Dosa.
ËFor example if Guggulu is used-Medo Dhātu is decreased. Hence Guggulu is
called Medohara.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

14. • The main aim of Ayurveda is to keep the Dhātus in
normal/healthy state.
– Guna Višeșa as Reducing Factor:
• The Ayurvedic treatment is based on Guna Višeșa as the in creased dosas get
decrease with the Dravyas of opposite qualities.
• Most of the Ayurvedic treatment is based on the attributes of Dravyas only.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

16. • The main aim of Ayurveda is to keep the Dhātus in
normal/healthy state.
– Karma Višeșa as reducing factor :
• Various varieties of habits mentioned in Ayurveda are based on Karma Višeșa.
• In Astou Ninditiya, the twenty first Chapter of Sūtra Sthāna, Caraka states
that the treatment for Sthoulya and Kārşya is based mainly on Karma Višeșa.
• After from medicinal treatments some habits are also prescribed which are
based on Karma.
• Vyāyāma, running and other types of habits were pre scribed in Stoulya to
reduce Medo Dhātu.
• In Prameha also such types of habits like swimming, walking etc. are
prescribed to re duce Prameha..
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

17. • Višeșa as Distinguishing or Seggregating Factor.
– The vitiation of Vata-Pitta and kapha are again classified into sixty
three types analytically based on the segregating factor of Viseşa
only.
– In similarly the Tara and Tama difference of six Rasas viz Madhura
etc are analytically de scribed in sixty three types, based on
seggregating factor of Karma Višeșa only.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

18. • Viseșa as Contrary or Variant Factor:
– The variance or difference between Prakṛti and Puruşa, Jivātmā and
Paramātmā are based on variant factor of Viseșa.
– The activities viz Akuńcana, Prasarana Utkṣepana, Apakṣepana the
dual attributes like Guru, Laghu, Śīta, Uşņa etc are based on vari ant
factor of Viseșşa.
– The Apatarpana type of treatment for Samtarpana type of diseases
and the Santarpana type of treatment for the Apatarpana type of
diseases are based on contrary factor of Viseṣā.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

19. DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,JAIPUR DEPT:MAULIK SIDDHANTA&SAMHITA