Padartha Vijnana means the science which deals with the substances in the universe, its relationship with the living being in terms of their properties, functions; methods of understanding them etc. Generally the subject Padartha Vigyan is considered as tough in the field of Ayurveda. But, it is the most useful subject than any other in Ayurveda. The topics dealt in it are the fundamental concepts of Ayurveda on which entire chikitsa stands. Understanding the elements in the universe is mandatory before studying the body. In this book, the subject matter is discussed with the help of different darśana and other shastras which are correlated with Ayurveda System. Hence this will be a good guide for the BAMS students; as it includes all the subject matters in according to the revised syllabus prescribed by NCISM, 2021. FOR MORE CONTACT THROUGH TELEGRAM CHANNEL @ayurvedonline " https://t.me/ayurvedonline ", Dr Saskhi Bhardwaj,BAMS,NDDY,MD(AYU.SAMHITA AND MAULIK SIDDHANTA,NIA,JAIPUR)

1. KARMA VIJNANEEYAM
DRSAKSHI_BHARDWAJ NIA,JAIPUR DEPT MAULIKSIDDHANTA&SAMHITA

2. INTRODUCTION OF CONCEPT
OF KARMA ACCORDING TO
DARSHANA AND AYURVEDA
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

3. Karma (action) exists in Drayva. It is the cause for conjunction and disjunction at
a time.
Karma is the action relating to something to be achieved. It does not require any
other factor for its action.
Action in the form of curative effect is known as Karma.
InTarka Sangraha it is mentioned that action is of the nature of motion (de).
It resides in Prthvi, Jala, Teja, Vāyu and in mind.
Dravya is the substratum as Karma resides in Dravya with Samavaya relation
It is clearly understood from the above statements that Kar ma is Dravyasrita
and Guna Rahita, so it does not seek any cause in conjunction and disjunction.
Caraka further states that the effort to be made for bringing the normal state is
Karma.
It is also called Ceștă, Pravṛtti, Kriya, Karma, Yatna and Kärya Samārambha.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

4. Example: While Akuńcana disjunction from former place and conjunction with
later place happens simultaneously. It is be cause of action.
Vibhaga does not cause disjunction from former place and Samyoga does not
cause conjunction with the later place. Karma is the cause for simultaneous
action of conjunction and disjunction.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

5. CLASSIFICATION OF
KARMA
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

6. Karmas are generally of two types.
1. Loukika Karma the duties or activities performed by the individuals in the daily
routine life. Utkṣepana, Apakṣepaṇa, Akuñcana, Prasarana and Gamana comes
under this.
2. Paraloukika Karma considered as the action of the duty or responsibility. Here
kartavya means Sadvṛtta or Sadācāra..
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

7. Example:
In utkṣepana conjunction with upward space and disjunction with downward
space occurs simultaneously.
As, such, by following the duties of Sadvṛtta, conjunction with Subha Karma
and disjunction with Aśubha Karma takes place.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

8. Loukika Karma is of three fold viz 1. Sat Pratyaya, 2. Asat Pratyaya and 3.
Apratyaya.
Sat Pratyaya: Performing an action by knowing it or voluntary action.
Example: Throwing of a ball towards upward direction.
2. Asat Pratyaya: Action without knowledge and unknowingly or involuntarily.
Example: When the ball is thrown upwards it falls down to the ground again
and then moves upwards again.
This upward action takes place in Dravya after falling down is due to
involuntary action.
Hence it is called as Asat Pratyaya.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

10. This A-Pratyaya is divided into three types
1. Nodana: Instigation, or ignition. When a stone is thrown into water it submerges
into the water.
2. Gurutwa: Falling down of baseless object is Example: The Pot which is kept on a
tripod falls down naturally when the tripod is removed, because of its heaviness in
na ture.
3. Vega: (Speed or Velocity):When an archer pulls the bow and discards the arrow;
the arrow leaves the bow produced by the velocity, which is produced by the pulling
and discarding, goes to a distant place with high speed and cut its aim.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

12. Types of Action as per Nyaya Philosophy
1. Utkṣepana :Lifting of hand to upward-direction.
2. Apakṣepana : Falling down of leaves or fruits from the tree.
3. Akuñcana :When an opened book is closed the expanded pages come nearer in
contraction.
4. Prasarana :When the closed book is opened, the pages of the book spreads by
conjuncting with the distant place.
5.Gamana. : Movement from one place to another
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

13. PRACTICAL APPLICATION
OF KARMA
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

14. Karma related to Pravrtti
Beginning of the treatment is Pravṛtti. In the four limbs of treatment viz
Vaidya, Dravya, Upasthätä, and Rogi are assembeled.
The treatment given with proper combination of the above four limbs alleviates
the diseases.
It is understood that Pravṛttivtakes place with the proper combination of the
above four limb treatment.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

15. Karma related to Treatment
Treatment is otherwise called Karma or Kriya. Basing on this principle the
living body is called Karma Puruşa, as he is the seat of all actions.
Ayurveda described two types of treatment viz 1. Samsodhana and 2.
Samsamana which are Purifactive and Palliative respectively.
Basing on these two types of treatment the Pañica karmas were enumerated
viz 1. Vamana 2. Virecana 3. Niruha vasti 4. Anuväsana vasti and 5.
Sirovirecana.
In addition to the above Pañca karmas two more poorvakarmas viz sneha
Karma and sweda Karma
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

16. In Salyakarma also 1. Poorva Karma 2. Pradhana Karma 3. Paścät Karma
The Bhedana and Vedhana Kriya depend on Gamana Karma; while Vrana
Sodhana is done through Akuncana, while in Chedana the Dosas come out
through down ward direction where as in Ropana Karma the Dhātus spread
into upward direction.
Hence these Karma come under Apakṣepana and utkṣepana re spectively.
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita

17. THANK YOU
DrSakshi_Bhardwaj NIA,Jaipur Dept
MaulikSiddhanta&Samhita