1800 by Sir FREDERICK WILLIAM HERSHEL. Thought colours were associated with heat. Used 3 Thermometers with blackened bulbs to measure heat of different colours. Studied beyond red light. Discovered below red, infrared, light radiations. Primary source of infrared radiation is heat or thermal radiation. This radiation is produced by the motion of atoms. Anything above absolute 0 emits infrared radiations

1. INFRARED
RADIATIONS
Dr. Gulwish Sadique
Assistant Professor
Rama University.

2. • OBJECTIVESOUTLINES
• INTRODUCTION
• PROPERTIES
• SOURCES AND PRODUCTION
• CLASSIFICATION
• ABSORPTIONPENETRATION
• PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• THERAPEUTIC USES
• EFFECTS
• PREFERENCE
• EVIDENCE/RESEARCH

3. INTRODUCTION
• 1800 by Sir FREDERICK WILLIAM HERSHEL.
• Thought colours were associated with heat.
• Used 3 Thermometers with blackened bulbs to measure heat of different
colours.
• Studied beyond red light.
• Discovered below red, infrared, light radiations.
• Primary source of infrared radiation is heat or thermal radiation.
• This radiation is produced by the motion of atoms.
• Anything above absolute 0 emits infrared radiations.

5. PROPERTIES
• Travels at the speed of light i.e 3*108 m/s.
• Wavelengths- smaller waves than microwaves i.e 760nm
to 1nm.
• Frequencies- higher frequencies than microwaves i.e
430THz to 300THs.

7. REGIONS
• Infrared radiation is divided into 3 regions.
• Distinguished by their absorption characteristics.
TYPE WAVELENGTHS
IRA 760-400 nm
IRB 1400-3000nm
IRC 3000-1nm

8. PRODUCTION OF
INFRARED
• Heated material produce infrared radiations.
• Wavelength being determined by the temperature.
• Higher temperatures are associated with shorter
wavelength and higher frequency.
• Various kinds of infrared lamps are used for therapy.
• Classified as Luminous and Non-Luminous.

9. NON-LUMINOUS
GENERATORS
• Infrared source is a coil of
wire wrapped around a
cylindrical ceramic
insulator.
• In heater wire glows red
hot emitting visible region
but peak emission is in
short infrared range.

10. LUMINOUS
GENERATORS
• Incandescent lamp consist
of Tungsten filament in a
large glass envelope.
• Contains inert gas at low
pressure.
• Filament is heated to high
temperature.
• Peak emission occurs at
near 1000nm

11. POWER
LUMINOUS
(SMALL LAMP)
NON-
LUMINOUS
(SMALL LAMP)
LUMINOUS
(LARGE LAMP)
NON-
LUMINOUS
(LARGE LAMP)
250-500w 250-500w 650-1500w 750-1000w

12. EMISSION
NON-LUMINOUS (LONG IR) NON-LUMINOUS (SHORT IR)
3000-4000nm 1500nm

13. LUMINOUS
SHORT IR
LUMINOUS
VISIBLE
LUMINOUS
LONG IR
LUMINOUS
UVR
App.70% 5% 24% 1%

14. ABSORPTION AND
PENETRATION
• Radiation striking the surface of the skin will be-
• Reflected
• Penetrated
• To be scattered
• Refracted
• Ultimately absorbed by the tissues.
• Small amount shall penetrate into subcutaneous tissue
rest shall be absorbed by the skin.
• Water and proteins absorbed infrared mostly.

16. FACTORS REGULATING
ABSORPTION AND PENETRATION
• Radiation entering depends upon several factors-
• Structure
• Vascularity
• Pigmentation most crucially
• Wavelength of radiation
• Frequency of radiation
• Thermal conductivity of tissue
• Thickness of tissue
• Cosine law
• Grotthous draper law
• Inverse square law

17. PHYSIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
• Cutaneous vasodilatation
• Sweating
• Sensation
• Increase in metabolism
• Decreased viscosity
• Stimulation of sensory nerves
• Phagocytosis
• Collagen changes
• Changes in blood vessels
• Blood and Tissue Fluid
• Nerve stimulation

19. THERAPEUTIC USES
• Pain relief
• Decrease muscle spasm
• Acceleration of healing repair
• Sedative effect
• Infection
• As a precursor of other treatment

20. EFFECTS
• Stimulate retinal cells of eye
• Seasonal effective Disorders
• Dementia
• Elevates mood swings
• Depression
• Sleep disorders
• Neonatal hyper-bilirubinaemia
• Colour therapy

21. CHOICE OF
LUMINOUS/NON-LUMINOUS
• Luminous heats tissue efficiently
• Non-luminous is absorbed almost in skin
• Desired effects are due to-
• Heating-luminous shorter infrared is preferred
• Sensory stimulation non-luminous is preferred

22. THANKYOU