complete decomposition of organic residue

1. Presentation on Decomposition
of organic residue
Presented to : Presented by :
Dr. Sunil Kumar Rajinder singh
(Dept. of Agriculture) M.Sc. Agri (Agronomy)II
Roll no. 9608

2. Definition
• Organic residue, Organic matter, organic
material :- It refers to the large pool of carbon
based compounds found within natural and
engineered, terrestrial and aquatic
environments. It is matter composed
of organic compound that have come from the
remains of organisms such
as plants and animals and their waste
products in the environment.

3. What is Decomposition ?
• Breakdown of dead plant and animal material
and release of inorganic nutrients
• Decomposition is a biological breakdown and
biochemical transformation of complex
organic molecules of dead material into
simpler organic and inorganic molecules .

4. Why organisms decompose organic
matter ?
• Supplying energy for growth
• Supplying carbon for new cell synthesis
• The cells of most microorganisms commonly
contain approximately 50% carbon. This is
derived mainly from the substrates

5. Advantage of Decompose OM
• Maintenance of soil structure and texture
• Nutrient cycling
• Sources of food and medicines
• Improve soil aeration
• Improve water holding capacity
• Increase diversification of micro-organisms in
soil
• Increase soil fertility

6. DECOMPOSITION PROCESS
• THREE MAIN PROCESSES:
• ASSIMILATION Conversion of substrates materials into
protoplasmic materials E.g. OM carbon to microbial
carbon E.g. protein to microbial protein
• IMMOBLIZATION Conversion of organic substance to
inorganic form. E.g. protein from OM will be converted
to inorganic nitrogen in the soil.
• MINERALIZATION Conversion of inorganic form into
organic. E.g. inorganic nitrogen from the soil converted
into microbial protein.

7. CARBON CYCLE
• Carbon is the major constituent of organic
matter. Energy requirement of the soil micro-
organisms is derived from carbon.
Transformation of carbon make life possible
on the earth. The sequence of transformation
leading to fixation of carbon dioxide in living
organisms and ultimately returned to its
original state is termed as carbon cycle

8. Carbon cycle flow diagram

9. • Decomposition is described as having two
components;
Autolysis and Putrefaction
• Autolysis refers to the situation where the
body’s own enzymes are acting on itself,
causing cellular and tissue destruction.
• Putrefaction refers to the situation where
microorganisms (especially bacteria and fungi)
feed on and break down the tissues of the
dead body.

10. WHO ARE THE DECOMPOSERS ?
• SOIL FAUNA : -
earthworms, arthropods
Fragmentation increases surface area.
Distributes OM within soil profile.
• SOIL MICROORGANISM :-
Heterotrophic bacteria, fungi.
Derive energy, carbon and nutrients from dead
OM in the process they release CO2 through
respiration.

11. Organisms in decomposing

12. Types of organic Matter
• FYM
• Poultry manure
• Green manure
• Compost
• Sheep and Goat manure
• Biogas slurry
• Paddy Straw
• Sun hemp
• Daincha
• Night soil
• Bone meal

13. Nutrient content in OM
Manure Nitrogen % Phosphorus % Potassium %
FYM 0.5 -1.5 0.4 – 0.8 0.5 – 1.9
Compost 0.5 0.15 0.5
Poultry manure 3.03 2.6 1.2
Green manure 0.5 -0.7 0.1 – 0.2 0.6 – 0.8
Bone meal 3.0 - 4.0 20.0 – 25.0 2.0 -3.0
Night soil 1.2 -1.3 0.8 – 1.0 0.4 – 0.5
Sheep manure 0.8 – 1.6 0.4 – 0.6 0.3 – 0.4
Biogas slurry 1.6 – 1.8 1.1 – 2.0 0.8 – 1.2
Paddy straw 0.36 0.08 0.71
Sun hemp 2.6 0.5 2.0
Daincha 3.3 0.7 1.3

14. Plant nutrient and their range of concentration in plant
Nutrients Concentration range in dry plant tissue
Nitrogen 1 – 5 %
Phosphorous 0.1 – 0.5 %
Potassium 0.5 – 0.8 %
Calcium 0.2 – 1.0 %
Magnesium 0.1 – 0.4 %
Sulphur 0.1 – 0.4 %
Boron 6 – 60 ppm
Chlorine 0.1 – 1.0 %
Copper 5 – 20 ppm
Manganese 20 – 200 ppm
Molybdenum 0.05 – 0.2 ppm
Nickel 0.1 – 1 ppm
Zinc 25 – 150 ppm
Iron 50 – 250 ppm

15. Properties of OM
• Encourage soil granulation
• Reduce plasticity and cohesion
• Increase water retentive capacity
• High CEC minimize the leaching loss of nutrient
• Nitrogen, phosphorus , sulphur and
micronutrients are held in organic form
• It aids in release of elements from minerals by
humic acid