Blood Transfusion Service
Complex organization, requiring careful designing and management.
Centralized, regionalized, hospital based or combined
Strategy for the screening of all donated blood for transfusion-transmitted infections
Effective legislation governing the operation of blood transfusion service.
Good LABORATORY PRACTICES in blood bank
To provide safe and adequate blood and its components to meet patients need
The maintenance of a register of voluntary non-remunerated blood donors.
ORGANIZATION OF OUT-DOOR BLOOD DONATION CAMPS
Blood donor organizer
Informative posters, brochures
Dealings with donors
Staff
Incentives
light refreshment and donors cards
Annual award ceremonies
3. Complex organization, requiring careful
designing and management.
Centralized, regionalized, hospital based
or combined
Strategy for the screening of all donated
blood for transfusion-transmitted
infections
Effective legislation governing the
operation of blood transfusion service
4. Good LABORATORY PRACTICES
in blood bank
To provide safe and adequate
blood and its components to
meet patients need
The maintenance of a register of
voluntary non-remunerated blood
donors
5. Officer responsible for the blood donation
programme
Monitoring and evaluation of clinical use of blood.
To promote cooperation between the blood
transfusion services with: (Hospitals, educational institutes,
religious, social and industrial organizations, mass media and the general
public.)
7. ORGANIZATION OF OUT-DOOR BLOOD
DONATION CAMPS
Blood donor organizer
Informative posters, brochures
Dealings with donors
Staff
Incentives
light refreshment and donors cards
Annual award ceremonies
8. Donors Selection and Blood Collection
DONOR SCREENING : Consent form
(1) Registration, consent of the donor, donation.
(2) Medical history
(3) Limited physical examination
(4) Simple laboratory test
High Risk Group Donors for HIV Transmission:
-Refrain them from blood donation
BLOOD DONORS QUESTIONNAIRE
13. Equipment and Materials
Blood Containers: (PVC) plastic bags which are closed system of single, double or triple
bags for collection of 350 ml or 450 ml blood
Sphygmomanometer, automatic mixing of blood and weighing of blood bag machine
Sterile cotton swabs and band-aids/bandages
Methylated spirit, tincture of iodine, providone-iodine solution (1 %) & alcohol
Emergency drugs
Blood Volume : Anticoagulant Solution
Plastic clips, stripper, di-electric tube sealer or aluminium clips, sealer, cutter
16. Concentrate on the Donor always…
Clean
Venipuncture
Constant observation
One ml of blood weighs 1.05 g. Thus, 350 ml of blood weighs 367 g. and 450 ml weighs
472 g
Clamp the tubing of the bag
Remove blood pressure cuff or tourniquet.
Take the bag to the processing table
Keep the blood bag at 2-6°C in the refrigerator immediately after collection
Light refreshment!
18. PROCESSING OF DONOR BLOOD
Number of donation on the blood
bag. Processing pilot tube and donor
record.
ABO group
Rh group
Screening and Identification of
Antibodies (AHG)
19. Tests for blood transmissible diseases:
front line and residual risk
Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV by ELISA
Test for anti-HIV 1 and 2 by ELISA
Test for syphilis - Floculation test, Veneral Disease
Research Laboratory (VDRL) assay or Rapid Plasma
Regin (RPR) assay.
Test for malarial parasites: smear, antigen, antibodies
20. Blood Components
Whole Blood
Packed Red Cells
Red Cells - Leucocytes Reduced
Red Cells –Washed
Red Cells –Frozen with glycerol
• Platelets
• Platelets, Apheresis
• Granulocytes
• FFP
• Cryoprecipitated AHF (Cryoprecipetate)
21.
22. Preservation and Storage Of Blood
APPROVED PRESERVATIVE SOLUTIONS : ACD, CPD, CP2D, CPDA-1
RED CELLS PRESERVATION : (Decrease in pH Build up of lactic acid Decrease in
glucose consumption Decrease in ATP level Low 2,3-DPG levels )
RED CELL FREEZING ( using glycerol) :The frozen red cells can be stored for 10
years
-For rare blood groups, antibodies against high frequency antigens, Storage of blood
for autotransfusion, Prevention of non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction,
Prevention of sensitization against HLA antigens
23. PLATELET PRESERVATION
Platelets stored in bags made of
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Platelets should be stored at 22-24° C
(controlled temperature)
continuous gentle agitation in platelet
incubator and agitator.
24. FRESH FROZEN PLASMA (FFP)
Shelf life of FFP is 12 months at - 18°C or lower
Shelf-life of Single donor plasma is 5 years at -18° C or lower
27. SHIPPING OF BLOOD PRODUCTS
The blood during shipment be kept between 2-10°C.
With in the hospital- insulated carrier or in cold insulated
boxes if the ambient temperature is more than 25° C.
Shipping of Platelets- with no ice, to maintain the
temperature between 20-24° C.
Shipping of Frozen Components- Fresh frozen plasma and
cryoprecipitate must be shipped at -18° C or below (Dry
ice)
30. Qn1. According to Landstainer’s law, if an agglutinogen is
present in the red cells of a blood, then which type of agglutinin
is present in plasma?
A. Specific agglutinin
B. Corresponding agglutinin
C. Indirect agglutinin
D. Non of these
31. Qn. 2. In which grouping, the patient’s red cells are mixed with
serum containing anti-D antibodies?
A. ABO Grouping
B. Rh grouping
C. MN grouping
D. Both A & B
32. Qn.3. What is the possibility of genotype of blood group ‘O’ ?
1. AB
2. AO
3. OO
4. AA
33. Qn.4. During storage of blood in CPD, which is used for
providing energy to RBCs?
A. Citrate
B. Glucose
C. Acid Phosphatase
D. All of these
34. Qn. 5. Transfusion of blood previously collected from the same
person is called?
A. Directed transfusion
B. Allogenic transfusion
C. Autologus transfusion
D. Syngenic transfusion
35. Qn. 6. Soft spin is used for separation of ?
A. Platelete from FFP
B. Platelet Poor plasma from Red cells
C. Platelet rich plasma from Red cells
D. Cryoprecipetate from Plasma
36. Qn. 7. The most rapid method for haemoglobin estimation for
blood donation camps in remote areas ?
A. Spectrophotometer method
B. Copper sulphate Specific gravity method
C. Sahli’s Haemoglobinometer
D. All can be used
37. Qn. 8 Front line screening of transfusion transmitted infections
are done by?
A. ELISA
B. Rapid Ag Testing kits
C. NAAT
D. Chemiluminoscense method
38. Qn. 9 National voluntary blood donation day celebrated on?
A. October 14th
B. June 1st
C. October 1st
D. June 14th
39. Qn. 10. Identify the symbol and the organisation associated with
it.
A. Red Plus- Indian Red Plus Society
B. Red Cross- Indian Red Cross Society
C. Red Square - Indian Red Square Society
D. Non of these