PPT about Faul Tree Analysis taken from MOOCs.

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Fault Tree Analysis

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1. Course title: Chemical Process Safety Engineering
2. Instructor: Prof. Murad Jafarov
3. Institution: ITU
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1. Learn about plant operation and safety
2. Different types of possible accidents in a chemical plant
3. Ways to mitigate
4. Prevention
Motivation
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1. Process safety fundamentals
2. Process safety in engineering
3. Process safety in operation
4. Overpressure protection
Course layout
Chemical Process Safety Engineering
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Course summary
This course gives insight in the safety protocols followed in a chemical plant,
which is an integral part of the any industries. Introducing the risk management
systems and discussing the basics, the detailed discussion on FTA and its
application was followed. Various risks such as fire and their types were taught
along with separations mechanism. Further, principles of relief design, plant
layout, hazard scenarios, etc. were covered
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Course content
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Week 1
This section introduced us to principles behind process safety discipline and its
importance.
Distinction between personal safety in factories or plants and process safety were
pointed out with examples. We learnt about how a minor failure can lead to a
major accident, causing injuries, loss of property or even life.
The core and the most fundamental element of process safety is the combination of
hazard and risk terms associated with it which stand at the center of hazard
identification. At the end of this section, we were able to outline the differences
between hazard and risk terms; and how they affect in successful planning of a
process. The importance of ignition temperature in choosing chemicals to be used
in the process was pointed out.

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Course content
Week 2
This section of the course talks about different perspective when it comes to process safety
in engineering. In any chemical process if it has inherent safety, then it is said to have a low
level of danger even during the time of an unseen accident. ISD is used to point of the
safety issues in the design of process and that helps in eliminating risk significantly if not
completely. The plants designed while keeping this design considerations while building
have higher tolerance of errors.
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Introduction
1. What is FTA?
2. Why FTA?
a) Derive frequency of an event happening
b) Reflect the factors responsible for the events
c) Identify routes to accidents
d) Identify appropriate mitigation measure
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Methodology
Steps to form a fault tree:
1. Specify top events
2. Identify immediate precursors
3. Systematically work down the tree
4. Determination of combination of base events
5. Determination of top event frequency
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Methodology
OR gate: Output occurs only if one of the input event occurs
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High level trip failure
Sensor failure Switch failure

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Methodology
AND gate: Output occurs only when all the input events occurs
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Fire or explosion
Ignition source present Oxygen present
Fuel present

12. Yes 0.70
No 0.30
Yes 0.70
No 0.30
Yes 0.03
No 0.97
Yes 0.03
No 0.97
Yes 0.10
No 0.90
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Example
Frequency of a freight container dropping is 0.03
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Freight container
dropped on offshore
platform (/yr)
Ruptures
pipework?
Strikes worker? Causes ignites?
0.03

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Example
Frequency per year Description of outcome
0.000063 10 Fatalities from fire, 1 fatality due to
impact
0.000027 1 fatality due to impact
0.0029 1 fatality due to impact
0.00057 10 fatalities due to fire
0.00024 No fatalities
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Conclusion
The following FTA conducted helped us:
1. Understand the problem and its root causes
2. Understand the likelihood of the accident occurring
3. Necessary steps that can be taken to prevent the mishap
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References
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[1] C.-T. Liu, S.-L. Hwang, and I.-K. Lin, “Safety analysis of combined FMEA and FTA
with computer software assistance for offshore accident,” IFAC proc. vol., vol. 46, no. 9,
pp. 2151–2155, 2013.
[2] Wikipedia contributors, “Fault tree analysis,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 17-Jul-
2022. [Online]. Available:
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fault_tree_analysis&oldid=1106152234.
[3] Udemy.com. [Online]. Available: https://www.udemy.com/course/advanced-risk-
management-comprehensive-3-in-1-course-bundle/. [Accessed: 17-Jul-2022].

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