This research proposes Blockchain and IoT (BIoT) based green technology framework that rewards users based on their energy consumption.

1. AMRITAPURI | BENGALURU | COIMBATORE | KOCHI | MYSURU | CHENNAI
B-IoT based Green Technology
Solutions to Control Pollution by
Tracing Carbon Footprints
Darniss R
AM.EN.P2WNA21003
Center for Wireless Networks & Applications
1
29/12/2022
Aum Amriteswaryai Namah
Advisor:
Prof. Sethuraman N Rao
Co-Advisor:
Sai Shibu N B

2. Presentation Outline
● Introduction
● Motivation
● Problem Definition
● Objectives
● Research Challenges
● Literature Review
● Research Gaps
● System Requirements
● Publication Details
● Activity Plan
● Deliverables
● Weekly Meeting Details
● Conclusion
2

3. 3
Introduction
● Carbon dioxide emissions are the primary driver of climate change.
● Renewable energy adoption by industries and individuals can support in
reducing the CO2 emission.
● But the users are unsure of how effectively or how much they are utilizing the
resources.
● A decentralized, transparent, and traceable system for carbon emission
monitoring and credit trading will motivate users to actively participate in CO2
reduction.
● This research proposes Blockchain and IoT (BIoT) based green technology
framework that rewards users based on their energy consumption.

4. 4
Statistics of Global CO2 emission from fossil fuels

5. 5
CO2 emission in India due to electricity production

6. 6
Statistics of CO2 emission per person

7. 7
Motivation
● Rise in CO2 emission and Global Warming affecting humans and
other lifes on the planet earth
● With the contribution of IoT and blockchain, there is a higher
chance of solving the reporting and monitoring of cities’ CO2
emissions

8. 8
Problem Definition
● There is a pressing need to reduce the emission of CO2.
● Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere warms the planet,
causing climate change.
● Human activities have raised the atmosphere's carbon
dioxide content by 50% in less than 200 years.
● Develop a system that could track the CO2 emission from
various users.

9. 9
Literature Review Resources
Sl NO Title Authors
Conference/Journal/Boo
k/Website
Year of
Publication
1
Carbon Credits on
Blockchain
D. Patel, B. Britto, S.
Sharma, K. Gaikwad,
Y. Dusing and M.
Gupta
International
Conference on
Innovative Trends in
Information Technology
(ICITIIT)
2020
2
Carbon Emission
Monitoring and
Credit Trading: The
Blockchain and IOT
Approach
D. Effah, B.
Chunguang, F.
Appiah, B. L. Y.
Agbley and M.
Quayson
International Computer
Conference on Wavelet
Active Media
Technology and
Information Processing
(ICCWAMTIP)
2021

10. 10
Literature Review Resources
Sl NO Title Authors
Conference/Journa
l/Book/Website
Year of
Publication
3
Decentralized
Energy To Power
Rural Homes
Through Smart
Contracts And
Carbon Credit
G. Lakshmi and G.
Thiyagarajan
International
Conference on
Electrical Energy
Systems (ICEES)
2021
4
Blockchain
Implementation
Using Smart
Grid-Based Smart
City
M. Afshar Alam and
Sapna Jain
Elsevier 2020

11. 11
Literature survey summary
● There are some technologies that would benefit from the use of a new
framework that combines IoT platforms with blockchain and provides
several advantages over existing solutions.
● We can use variant of identity-based encryption to support
cryptography-enforced access control.The advanced version for artificial
intelligence market can be implemented using the blockchain network
through ethereum based smart contracts.
● IoT combined with a blockchain network helps to reduce the power and
cost of smart devices in a variety of applications.
● Smart contracts can be used for sensor data storage,processing and the
also the implementation of Blockchain based IOT systems.

12. 12
Research Gaps
● The existing smart metering infrastructure send data to a central DB
which can be compromised.
● The carbon credit system that exist today mainly focus on large industries
and factories but residential users are often let out.
● Lot of centralised body such as pollution control board, electricity board
are involved in carbon credit program and the process is very much
delayed.

13. 13
Research Objective
● Develop a platform that is able to make people actively
participate in reducing CO2
● In this system, there is a fixed threshold value; if user energy
consumption is below this threshold, the user will be rewarded;
if not, they will be rewarded less.

14. 14
Innovation
● Blockchain based solution that motivates
consumers to move towards a green initiative
● Blockchain based slab tariff system to reward end
users based on their energy usage pattern

15. 15
Proposed Methodology
Tech Stack used

16. 16
System Architecture/Proposed system

17. 17
Slab Based Tariff* and Rewards for End Users
Energy
(kWh)
Cost
(Rupees)
Rewards
Tokens
Remarks
< 40 1.5 10
Below
Threshold
0 - 50 2.6 9
51 - 100 4 8
101 - 150 5 7
151 - 200 5.5 6
201 - 250 6 5
0 - 300 7 4
Just above
Threshold
0 - 350 8 3
0 - 400 8.5 2
0 - 500 9 1
> 500 10.5 0
Way Above
Threshold
● Threshold Value = 250 units per month
○ This is based on the average per capita
consumption in TN
*Based on TNEB Slab Tariff

18. 18
Smart Contract Development
Open Loop Reward System for B-IoT based Green Technology Solutions

19. Software Requirements
19
Sl No Software Description Open source/ Licensed Been installed
in lab PC
1 Truffle
Local EthereumVM to test and run smart
contracts
Open source yes
2 Ganache UI to see transactions on EthereumVM Open Source yes
3 Remix IDE Online IDE to test and run smart contracts Open source yes
4 Solidity Programming language Opensource yes
5 Orbit DB Decentralised Database Opensource yes
6 NODE js Medium to run OrbitDB and IPFS protocols Opensource yes

20. Hardware Requirements
20
Sl No Component Name Vendor Available/To be
purchased?
1
2 Raspberry Pi 4B+ 8GB RAM &
16GB Storage
N/A Yes
2 Node MCU N/A Yes

21. 21
Publication details
Name of
Conference/Journal
Place &
Confere
nce date
Submission
date
Acceptance
date
Scopus
Indexed(y/n)
International Conference on
Networking,Communication
and Computing
technology(ICNCCT)
Madikeri,Ka
rnataka,Indi
a
25/12/2022 - Yes
Date Project Title

22. 22
Implementation..

23. 23
Implementation..
Decentralised DB (Javascript)

24. 24
Implementation..
Decentralised DB (Javascript)

25. 25
Implementation..
Decentralised DB (Javascript)

26. 26
Implementation..
Decentralised DB (Javascript)

27. 27
Implementation
Web3 (Python)

28. 28
Implementation..
Web3 (Python)

29. 29
Implementation..
Smart Contract (Solidity)

30. 30
Implementation..
Smart Contract (Solidity)

31. 31
Implementation..
Smart Contract (Solidity)

32. 32
Implementation…
Smart Contract (Solidity)

33. 33
Results
Output : Running of Orbit DB in Pi

34. 34
Results…
Output : Serial monitor of NodeMCU

35. 35
Result..
Output: Smart contract

36. 36
Result
Output - Dashboard (Web App made with Angular Framework)

37. 37
Performance Analysis
Smart Contract Benchmark test from Caliper
No. Parallel
Workers
Function
Send
(TPS)
Throughput
(TPS)
Avg lat CPU Avg CPU Mem
1
tariff 40.7 38.5 7.54 0.079 664 MB
transfer 26.5 24.8 13.96 0.055 775 MB
5
tariff 40.9 38.7 7.54 0.082 2.26 GB
transfer 26.9 25.1 14.07 0.057 1.71 GB
10
tariff 25.2 23.1 4.98 0.045 3.84 GB
transfer 25.6 24.8 14.13 0.069 3.82 GB

38. 38
Deliverables
● System Architecture for B-IoT based Green
Technology Solutions
● Smart Contract for open loop reward system in
B-IoT based Green Technology Solutions
● Software and Hardware Implementation
● Performance Analysis of the Blockchain Smart
Contract
● Conference Paper draft

39. 39
Work in progress
● Paper publication

40. 40
Conclusion
● Introduced Blockchain and IoT Technology and explained the necessity in
the future mobility.
● Discussed the problems with existing Blockchain and IoT solutions,
objectives of the proposed solution, and challenges involved in designing
the proposed solution.
● Explained research gaps and proposed architecture .
● Discussed the thesis deliverables.

41. AMRITAPURI | BENGALURU | COIMBATORE | KOCHI | MYSURU | CHENNAI
Thank You
Darniss R
41