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Apriori
1.
2.
3.
是一種在大規模數據集中尋找有趣關係的任務。 關係可以有兩種形式: ◦
頻繁項集(frequent item sets):經常出現在 一塊的物品的集合。 ◦ 關聯規則(associational rules):暗示兩種物 品之間可能存在很強的關係。
4.
5.
頻繁項集: {葡萄酒,
尿布, 豆奶} 就是一個頻繁項集 的例子。 關聯規則: 尿布-> 葡萄酒就是一個關聯規則。這意 味著如果顧客買了尿布,那麼他很可能會買葡萄酒。
6.
支持度:數據集中包含該項集的記錄所佔的比例。 ◦ {豆奶}的支持度為4/5。 ◦
{豆奶,尿布}的支持度為3/5。 可信度:針對一條諸如{尿布} -> {葡萄酒}這樣具體 的關聯規則來定義的。這條規則的可信度被定義為 支持度({尿布, 葡萄酒})/支持度({尿布}), ◦ 支持度({尿布,葡萄酒}) = 3/5 ◦ 支持度({尿布}) = 4/5, ◦ 所以{尿布} -> {葡萄酒}的可信度= 3/5 / 4/5 = 3/4 = 0.75。
7.
支持度和可信度是用來量化关联分析是否成功的一 個方法。 假設想找到支持度大於0.8的所有項集,應該如何 去做呢?一個辦法是生成一個物品所有可能組合的 清單,然後對每一種組合統計它出現的頻繁程度
但是當物品成千上萬時,上述做法就非常非常慢了。
8.
所有組合的支持度,計 算15次。即2^N -
1 = 2^4 - 1 = 15 如果{0, 1}是頻繁的, 那麼{0}, {1}也是頻繁 的,對於剪枝沒有幫助 一個項集是非频繁项集, 那麼它的所有超集也是 非頻繁項集
9.
{2,3}是非频繁项集, {0,2,3} {1,2,3} {0,1,2,
3}都是非频 繁的。 計算出{2,3}的支持 度,知道它是非频 繁的之後,就不需 要再計算{0,2,3} {1,2,3} {0,1,2,3}的 支持度 使用apriori就可以 避免項集數目的指 數增長,從而在合 理的時間內計算出 頻繁項集。
10.
餐廳點餐記錄如下
11.
轉化為結構性資料
12.
13.
14.
客户同时点菜品 a
和 b 的概率是50%, 点了菜品 a 再点菜品 b 的概率是71.4286%。 知道了这些規則,就可以对顾客进行智能推荐, 增加销量同时满足客户需求。
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