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 是一種在大規模數據集中尋找有趣關係的任務。
 關係可以有兩種形式:
◦ 頻繁項集(frequent item sets):經常出現在
一塊的物品的集合。
◦ 關聯規則(associational rules):暗示兩種物
品之間可能存在很強的關係。
 頻繁項集: {葡萄酒, 尿布, 豆奶} 就是一個頻繁項集
的例子。
 關聯規則: 尿布-> 葡萄酒就是一個關聯規則。這意
味著如果顧客買了尿布,那麼他很可能會買葡萄酒。
 支持度:數據集中包含該項集的記錄所佔的比例。
◦ {豆奶}的支持度為4/5。
◦ {豆奶,尿布}的支持度為3/5。
 可信度:針對一條諸如{尿布} -> {葡萄酒}這樣具體
的關聯規則來定義的。這條規則的可信度被定義為
支持度({尿布, 葡萄酒})/支持度({尿布}),
◦ 支持度({尿布,葡萄酒}) = 3/5
◦ 支持度({尿布}) = 4/5,
◦ 所以{尿布} -> {葡萄酒}的可信度= 3/5 / 4/5 = 3/4 =
0.75。
 支持度和可信度是用來量化关联分析是否成功的一
個方法。
 假設想找到支持度大於0.8的所有項集,應該如何
去做呢?一個辦法是生成一個物品所有可能組合的
清單,然後對每一種組合統計它出現的頻繁程度
 但是當物品成千上萬時,上述做法就非常非常慢了。
 所有組合的支持度,計
算15次。即2^N - 1
= 2^4 - 1 = 15
 如果{0, 1}是頻繁的,
那麼{0}, {1}也是頻繁
的,對於剪枝沒有幫助
 一個項集是非频繁项集,
那麼它的所有超集也是
非頻繁項集
 {2,3}是非频繁项集,
{0,2,3} {1,2,3}
{0,1,2, 3}都是非频
繁的。
 計算出{2,3}的支持
度,知道它是非频
繁的之後,就不需
要再計算{0,2,3}
{1,2,3} {0,1,2,3}的
支持度
 使用apriori就可以
避免項集數目的指
數增長,從而在合
理的時間內計算出
頻繁項集。
 餐廳點餐記錄如下
 轉化為結構性資料
 客户同时点菜品 a 和 b 的概率是50%,
 点了菜品 a 再点菜品 b 的概率是71.4286%。
 知道了这些規則,就可以对顾客进行智能推荐,
增加销量同时满足客户需求。
Apriori
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