A large extensive pirate-themed fragment review covering fragments of -ing, infintive phrase, dependent clause, relative clause, prepositional phrase, appositive phrase, and added detail. Practice recognizing and fixing fragments. Sophisticated themed language. Created by Coleman's Classroom.

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Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net
The Wrecking of a Sentence
Avoiding
Fragment
Bombs

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What is a Sentence?
Also Called Independent Clause
Has a Subject (noun) and Verb in agreement
Has Object (noun) sometimes
Has end punctuation
–Period
–Semicolon
–Question Mark
–Exclamation Mark

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Example Sentences
The sailor fastened the ropes.
The ship increased its speed.
The waves rose above the bow.

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What is a Fragment?
Group of words punctuated like a
sentence yet doesn’t have a S and V in
agreement.
Can lack S or V or both
Incomplete Sentence

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Example Fragments
Fastening the ropes.
Because the ship increased its speed.
Which rose above the bow.

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Some Types of Sentence Fragments
-ING Fragment
Infinitive Phrase Fragment
Dependent Clause Fragment
Relative Clause Fragment
Prepositional Phrase Fragment
Appositive Phrase Fragment
Added Detail Fragment

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What is -ING word?
ING added to a word can be many things.
Verb = Be + Verb + Ing
The ship is sailing.
Noun = Verb + Ing
Sinking is no fun.
Participle = Verb + Ing
The captain starts his day shouting
commands.

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ING Fragment
REMEMBER
EVERY sentence needs a subject and verb in
agreement!!

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Example ING Fragments
The sailors are working. Fastening the
ropes.
Shouting commands. The captain starts
his day.

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Correcting ING Fragments
The sailors are working. Fastening the
ropes.
The sailors are working fastening the
ropes.

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Correcting ING Fragments
Shouting commands. The captain starts
his day.
Shouting commands, the captain starts
his day.

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What is Infinitive Phrase?
An infinitive is the base form of the
verb + to.
to go to eat to sleep
Can be used as verb phrase or noun
phrase
Infinitive NEVER a MAIN Verb

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Example Infinitive Fragments
The sailors are working. To fasten the
ropes.
The captain orders his men. To get the
ship ready to sail.

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Correcting Infinitive Fragments
The sailors are working. To fasten the
ropes.
The sailors are working to fasten the
ropes.

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Correcting Infinitive Fragments
The captain orders his men. To get the
ship ready to sail.
The captain orders his men to get the
ship ready to sail.

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What is Dependent Clause?
Starts with a Subordinate Conjunction
Has S and V in agreement
Cannot stand alone
“Depends” on independent clause
(sentence)

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After Before Until
Although Even though When
As If Whereas
Because Since While
Some Subordinating Conjunctions

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Examples Dependent Clause Fragment
After the cannon was lit. The ball
shot out of the end.
The ship didn’t sink. Even though it was hit
by the cannon ball.

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Correcting Dependent Clause Fragment
After the cannon was lit. The ball shot out
of the end.
After the cannon was lit,
the ball shot out of the end.

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Correcting Dependent Clause Fragment
The ship didn’t sink. Even though it was
hit by the cannon ball.
The ship didn’t sink even though it was
hit by the cannon ball.

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What is a Relative Clause?
Modifying Clause
that uses a RELATIVE
PRONOUN for the
Subject of the clause
Who Whose
Which That

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Examples Relative Clause Fragment
The waves rose above the bow. Which had
recently been painted.
The pirate glared at the captive. Who had just
pulled out his sword.

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Correcting Relative Clause Fragment
The waves rose above the bow. Which had
recently been painted.
The waves rose above the bow, which had
recently been painted.

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Correcting Relative Clause Fragment
The pirate glared at the captive. Who had
just pulled out his sword.
The pirate glared at the captive who
had just pulled out his sword.

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What is Prepositional Phrase?
Shows relationship between words
Preposition ALWAYS has an object
The OBJECT of preposition can
NEVER be SUBJECT of Sentence

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Common Prepositions
About Before In Through
Above Behind Into To
Across Between Like Toward
After By Near Under
Along During Of Until
Among For On Up
At From Over with

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Examples Prepositional Phrase Fragments
The cannon ball flew. Over the ship’s
mast.
With the cannon ball sank the ship.

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Correcting Prep Phrase Fragments
The cannon ball flew. Over the
ship’s mast.
The cannon ball flew over the ship’s
mast.

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Correcting Prep Phrase Fragments
With the cannon ball sank the ship.
With the cannon ball, the pirates sank
the ship.

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What is Appositive??
An appositive is a Noun phrase that renames
another noun.
The famous pirate, Blackbeard, had a pet parrot.
His ship, The Avenger, sank many other ships.

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Example Appositive Fragments
That pirate. Blackbeard was scary.
My ship was sunk by that pirate ship. The
Avenger.

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Correcting Appositive Fragments
That pirate. Blackbeard was scary.
That pirate, Blackbeard,
was scary.

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Correcting Appositive Fragments
My ship was sunk by that pirate
ship. The Avenger.
My ship was sunk by that pirate
ship, The Avenger.

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What is Added Detail?
Adding examples to a sentence
Often uses words like:
–Such as
–For instance
–For example

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Example Added Detail Fragments
Pirate are looking for loot. Such as jewels
and money.
Some pirates have been injured. For
example, losing an eye or a leg.

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Correcting Added Detail Fragments
Pirates are looking for loot. Such as
jewels and money.
Pirates are looking for loot, such as jewels
and money.

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Correcting Added Detail Fragments
Some pirates have been injured. For
example, losing an eye or a leg.
Some pirates have been injured, for
example, losing an eye or a leg.

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Let’s Review
Shooting a cannon.

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Let’s Review
Shooting a cannon.
The ship was shooting a cannon.
Shooting a cannon is something a pirate
would do.
cannon can sink a ship.

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Let’s Review
I want the ship. To sail safely.

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Let’s Review
To sail safely is important.
I want the ship to sail safely.
Every captain wants to sail safely.

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Let’s Review
A ship can be sunk many
ways. Such as being hit by a
cannon ball.

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Let’s Review
A ship can be sunk many ways,
such as being hit by a
cannon ball.

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Let’s Review
The pirate ship moved along side the
merchant ship. Which scared all the
sailors.
The pirate yelled at the sailors. Who
shook with fear.

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Let’s Review
The pirate ship moved along side the
merchant ship, which scared all the
sailors.
The pirate yelled at the sailors who shook
with fear.

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Let’s Review
Because I am afraid of pirates. I will
just stay home.

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Let’s Review
Because I am afraid of pirates, I will
just stay home.

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To Recap FRAGMENTS
Every sentence needs a S and V in agreement.
If NO S and V, than can’t be a complete
sentence.
Also, some words (subordinators, relative
pronouns) make an Independent Clause into a
Dependent Clause.

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YOUR TURN: Practice
= Fragment-
Identify the fragment type
How would you fix it?
= Correct Sentence

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One summer day, the dreaded
pirate Blackbeard looked out
over the ocean he ruled.

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One summer day, the dreaded
pirate Blackbeard looked out
over the ocean he ruled.

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Walking across the deck.

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Walking across the deck.

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Walking across the deck, he
looked out to sea.

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His parrot Polly flew over and
landed. On his shoulder.

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His parrot Polly flew over and
landed. On his shoulder.

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His parrot Polly flew over and
landed on his shoulder.

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Polly always had interesting
things to say. Such as “let’s get
more loot!”

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Polly always had interesting
things to say. Such as “let’s get
more loot!”

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Polly always had interesting
things to say, such as “let’s get
more loot!”

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To get loot was Blackbeard’s
goal in life.

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To get loot was Blackbeard’s
goal in life.

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Because he was an effective
pirate. He sank many merchant
ships.

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Because he was an effective pirate.
He sank many merchant ships.

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Because he was an effective pirate,
he sank many merchant ships.

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He made many people cry.

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He made many people cry.

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As the captain, he was the one.
Who had to give the order to
fire the cannon.

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As the captain, he was the one.
Who had to give the order to
fire the cannon.

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As the captain, he was the one
who had to give the order to
fire the cannon.

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Which was used to sink the
ships.

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Which was used to sink the
ships.

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As the captain, he was the one
who had to give the order to
fire the cannon, which was used
to sink the ships.

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Polly. The parrot thought being
a pirate was fun.

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Polly. The parrot thought being
a pirate was fun.

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Polly, the parrot thought being
a pirate was fun.

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However, Polly didn’t like the
noise the cannon made.

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However, Polly didn’t like the
noise the cannon made.

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To get loot. That is what Polly
liked.

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To get loot. That is what Polly
liked.

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To get loot is what Polly liked.

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“Sail ahead!” shouted the pirate
on the lookout tower.

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“Sail ahead!” shouted the pirate
on the lookout tower.

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Clapping his hands together.
Blackbeard shouted, “get ready
to fight.”

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Clapping his hands together.
Blackbeard shouted, “get ready
to fight.”

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Clapping his hands together,
Blackbeard shouted, “get ready
to fight.”

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It was just another day for the
pirate king.

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It was just another day for the
pirate king.

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Don’t sabotage your sentences
with fragment bombs!
Happy Sentence Writing !!

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