A PowerPoint presentation about what is Sculpture and the types of sculpture and techniques used to create them.

1. By
Bernard E. Richardson
Master Teacher & Art Educator
2022
© Bernard E. Richardson | 2022

2. What is Sculpture?
SCULPTURE is a three-dimensional form created by carving, modelling,
construction or assembling materials.
Hard materials such as stone, marble, metal, glass or wood, or plastic
materials such as clay, plaster, textiles, polymers, soap and paper etc can be
used to create three-dimensional forms (artwork).

3. What is Three Dimensional (3-D)?
• It is a FORM that has height, width and depth.
height/length
Width/breadth
Width/breadth
height/length
• It is ART WORK in the ROUND
2D 3D

4. Characteristics
SCULPTURES:
1. Occupies space.
2. Are representational or abstract
3. A solid mass (static) while others are capable of movement (kinetic).
4. Are carved, modelled, casted, constructed or assembled to create
beautiful pieces of artwork.

5. SCULPTURAL FORMS
There are two (2) basic types
Sculpture in the round Relief
(Raised and Sunken)
• Free standing sculptures
• ‘In-the-round” – can be
viewed from many sides.
• Raised relief - Sculptures that
projects from a background.
• Sunken relief – carving sunk
below the level of the
surrounding surface

6. Example of sculpture in the round and relief
Sculpture in-the-round
Relief Sculpture

7. Other types of Sculpture
Kinetic/Mobile Assemblage
• Sculptures that move
completely or contain
moveable parts.
• The arrangement or grouping
together of found objects
(related or unrelated) to
create a piece of artwork

8. Other types of Sculpture
Installations
• A contemporary form of
three dimensional
artwork often created
within a specific space.

9. CREATING SCULPTURE
Most “traditional” Sculptures are created using one
of two methods or processes:
• Subtractive Process:
• Additive Process
Subtractive sculpture involves the removal of material, as in
wood carving or stone sculpture where the unwanted
material is chipped away to create a finished piece.
Additive sculpture involves the adding or building up of
material to create the sculpture.

10. SCULPTURE can be created using these
five techniques:
• Carving
• Modeling
• Casting
• Construction
• Assembling
From these two processes -

11. Carving
• A subtractive process in which material is
removed to create a finished piece of
artwork.
• Mainly wood and stone (marble) is used for
this process.
• Other materials include plaster, soap and
clay.

12. Modeling
• An additive process in which material is added to create the artwork
which are created by shaping the material into the form.
• Materials used for this process are soft and workable. It includes clay,
plaster, wax and papier mâché.

13. Casting
• Casting is a process where a mold is used to form the piece.
• The mold is filled with a liquid material such as molten bronze, gold,
silver, slip (liquid clay), concrete, was or plaster and left to harden. As the
material hardens, the form creates is called a cast

14. Construction
• Constructing technique involves the use of solid materials such as wood,
foam, glass, metal sheeting, plexiglass, cardboard and fabric to name a few.
• The material is manipulated by cutting and then assembled to create the
sculpture.
• Examples of methods used in the Construction process are welding, gluing,
nailing, and riveting materials together.

15. Assembling
• This technique involves the assembling or putting together of found
objects which are either related or unrelated to each other in
unique ways.

16. Image courtesies
• https://devonishart.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/01/2a4a4dfd78630f70a232cdc660d709d6_cropped_15
48770355_optimized.jpg
• https://www.modernsculptureartists.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Cold-
Casting.jpg
• https://p1.liveauctioneers.com/7271/237817/124360995_1_x.jpg?quality=80&
version=1647311829

17. The End