orchid cultivation , varieties of dendrobium ,botainical description of orchid and dendrobium

1. Protected cultivation of
dendrobium (orchid )
Arvind yadav (ID:-721)
Horticulture department
Banda university of agriculture and
technology banda (u.p.)

2. Protected cultivation of
Dendrobium (orchid )

3. Introduction
Scientific Name :- Dendrobium spp.
Family :- Orchidaceae
Chromosome number :- 38(x:-19)
Origin place :- Tropical countries( India &
Shri lanka )

4. Protected structures
• High tech green houses /orchidarium .

6. Temperature
• Day – 15.5-21˚C
• Night – 10-15.5˚C
Light
• 2400-3600 ft candles.
Relative humidity
• 40-75%
• Carbon di oxide concentration :- 2000-2300 ppm

7. • Some of the most suitable containers used
are (1) Pots, (2) Baskets, (3) Wooden logs, (4)
Tree ferns, (5) Coconut husks,
• Clay pots are generally used for orchids, The
pot size may vary from thumb size to 20 inch
pots

9. GROWING MEDIA
• Most common potting mixture consists of
charcoal, broken pieces of bricks and tiles,
coconut husk and fiber.

11. Sterilization of Media
• Methyl Bromide @ 25-30g/sqmt
• Formalin @ 3-7%
• Basamid (Dazomet) @30-40g/sqmt Bed .

12. Varieties
• Mme popdadour,
• Mme Vipar,
• Hieng Beauty Sonia 17,
• Sonia 18,
• Kasem Gold,
• Sabine Red,
• Snow White,

14. CONVENTIONAL METHODS :-
• Dendrobium is propagated through :-
A . Divisions B. Offshoots C . Back bulbs

15. MICROPROPAGATION
In-vitro seed culture-:
• tissue culture plants,

17. Spacing
• Plant density/meter square -: 100-150

18. NUTRITION
• Orchids growing in nature do not need much
of manuring but those grown in the
orchidariums need spraying in the liquid
forms.
• Fertilizer doses should be dilute. The plants
will burn by over fertilizer which can be seen
as burnt leaf tips. One of the liquid spray’s
which gives healthy growth is the Ohio spray.

19. • Composition of Ohio solution made up for 4.5
lt. of water.
• Potassium nitrate 2.63g
• Ammonium sulphate 0.44g
• Magnesium sulphate 2.04g
• Monocalcium phosphate 1.00g
• Calcium sulphate 4.86g
• Iron sulphate 0.50g
• Manganese sulphate 0.25ml.

20. Irrigation Systems
• Good quality water is very important
requirement to grow orchids successfully
• Mist or fogging system.
• pH of water :- 5.5,
• Watering needs depend on the potting media
and the growing conditions.
• A potting media should never be wet but just
evenly moist.

21. Cultural operations
Re-potting -:
• Repotting times do not vary very much but
should usually be at the beginning of the
active growing season or at least when the
new roots appear.
• Re-potting done Every alternate year-
Dendrobium

23. Plant protection
• Pest: Aphids, Mealy bugs, scales, slugs &
snails, spider mites.
Control :- use insecticides ( imidacloropid) to
control insect pest ,
• Diseases: Block rot, leaf spot, Petal blight,
yellowing,
Control :- use fungicides( DM:-45, Ridomil) to
control fungi , and for bacteria :- streptocyclin

24. Harvesting stage
• Fully developed flowers of good quality are
harvested.
Yield :- depends upon varieties

25. Post-harvest handling
GRADING-:
• There are no standard grades for Dendrobium
flowers and their prices are fixed according to the
size.
• Grading is done mainly on length of the flower
spike, flower number and size and arrangement
of flowers on the spike.
• Sometimes the number of lateral branches on
the inflorescence is also taken into consideration.

26. STORAGE
• If these are to be cut they should be stored at
5-7o C.
• This temperature most Dendrobium flowers
can be stored for 10 to 14 days.
• Plastic film storage is attractive and can be
utilized.

27. PACKAGING
• An ideal package should be air tight, water
proof, strong enough to withstand handling
and small in volume.
• Standard florist boxes are used for the packing
of Cattleya flowers.
• Keeping of a wet cotton at the cut end of the
flower stem which is wrapped with a
polythene wrapper helps to maintain
humidity.