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Genética para niños
- 1. Genética Laura Valle Doctora en Biología Molecular Investigadora Principal Instituto Catalán de Oncología Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge
- 2. LA CÉLULA
- 9. Todo bajo control • Código: los genes, genoma, ADN
- 10. El núcleo de la célula guarda el genoma
- 11. Animales Plantas Bacterias Humanos El ADN de cada uno de estos organismos tiene el mismo aspecto
- 12. ADN: código de 4 letras Una doble hélice
- 13. ADN: código de 4 letras Una doble hélice
- 15. 23 PARES DE CROMOSOMAS
- 16. 23 PARES DE CROMOSOMAS 46, XX
- 17. 46, XY 23 PARES DE CROMOSOMAS
- 19. Cèl·lula nerviosa Cèl·lula muscular Cèl·lula intestinal Exactamente los mismos 46 cromosomas Exactamente el mismo “código”
- 20. • El ADN de un cromosoma mide aproximadamente 5.1 cm (0,051m) • Tenemos 46 cromosomas/célula: 46 x 0,051 metros = 2,346 metros ¿cuándo ADN tenemos???? • 2,346 metros x 50.000.000.000.000 = 117.300.000.000.000 metros!!! ¿Sabéis qué? • El cuerpo humano tiene entre 5 billones y 200 trillones de células
- 21. Si estirásemos el ADN de todas nuestras células podríamos ir 1000 veces a la luna ADN total de una persona X 1000
- 22. PARA QUÉ SIRVEN LOS GENES
- 25. Nucleótidos
- 26. Cèl·lula nerviosa Cèl·lula muscular Cèl·lula intestinal Exactamente los mismos 46 cromosomas Exactamente el mismo “código”
- 27. Célula nerviosa Célula muscular Célula intestinal 5 billones y 200 trillones de células
- 29. alteraciones en la secuencia del DNA EL GENOMA ES VULNERABLE: Mutación
- 30. Célula Célula Secuencia de ADN (variante 1) Secuencia de ADN (variante 2)
- 31. Los genes definen en gran medida nuestros rasgos físicos
- 32. La genética (variaciones en nuestro genoma) determina mayormente nuestros rasgos físicos. VARIACIÓN EN NUESTROS GENES DETERMINAN NUESTROS RASGOS FÍSICOS
- 34. Pero a veces estas “mutaciones” causan enfermedad • Enfermedades genéticas (retraso mental/físico) • Cáncer • etc
- 37. Cada uno de nosotros tiene unos 30.000 cambios en nuestro genoma, todos somoms MUTANTES únicos, pero a la vez 99.9% iguales.
- 38. LABORATORIO
Editor's Notes
- The stringy stuff in the test tube is DNA that has been extracted from an organism. But you can’t tell which one of these organisms it came from just by looking at it. That’s because DNA looks exactly the same in every organism on Earth.
- Every cell in our body contains a copy of the exact same genetic code. This means that each of our cells contain every gene needed to produce every protein. BUT every cell doesn’t produce every protein - they only produce the proteins needed by their particular cell type.
- DNA contains all of the information necessary to make a complete organism, like the human shown here. DNA is a very useful molecule for storing this information because it is extremely stable - you can’t break it apart easily. It’s also easy to replicate. That is, machinery in the cell can make many copies of it with few mistakes.
- DNA is made up of four building blocks. A, T, C, and G. Optional: for advanced audiences you may want to explain that these letters stand for adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
- Every cell in our body contains a copy of the exact same genetic code. This means that each of our cells contain every gene needed to produce every protein. BUT every cell doesn’t produce every protein - they only produce the proteins needed by their particular cell type.
- Every cell in our body contains a copy of the exact same genetic code. This means that each of our cells contain every gene needed to produce every protein. BUT every cell doesn’t produce every protein - they only produce the proteins needed by their particular cell type.
- Our body’s ability to turn genes on and off is what allows us to have many different kinds of cells that do different jobs. For example, a nerve cell has some genes turned on and other genes turned off. And a muscle cell has a different set of active and inactive genes. Point to the different genes that are on and off in each cell type.
- Each of us has variations in the DNA sequence of our genome, making us unique individuals. These variations look like this. Point to the nucleotides that vary. This individual has a G in this position of her genome, while this individual has an A in the same place. But you can also see that in most other positions they share the exact same nucleotides. Optional: Let’s take a closer look at DNA sequence variations. Open the Making SNPs Make Sense animation on the next slide.