This document discusses finger millet, a nutritious cereal grain grown in India. It provides information on finger millet's health benefits and functional properties. Consumption and production trends in India are presented, showing a decline in area and consumption but increased yields. Processing technologies and value-added products made from finger millet are described. Reasons for gaps in commercializing finger millet are explored, including a lack of awareness of its nutrition. Key government programs to promote millet production and consumption are also summarized.

1. Finger Millet: A “Super-grain” to
Meet Nutritional Insecurity Under
Stressful Environments
Under the guidance
of
Dr. Sarika Yadav
Assistant Professor
ARJUN SINGH
M. Tech (FPOM)
Roll no. 618006

2. Contents
covered so far
 Introduction: what is
Finger millet
 Vernacular names of
Finger millet
 Finger millet panicles
 Why its important?
 Why Finger millet?
 Health Benefits
Current Focus
 Functional Properties of
Finger Millet
 Consumption pattern in
India
 Production trends in India
 Processing technology
 Reasons for gaps in
commercialization
 Institution and programmes
for millet development in
India
 Value added products
ARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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3. Functional properties of Finger Millet
a. Antioxidant property-
Higher antioxidant capacity of Finger Millet is attributed to the high total
phenolic content as well as flavonoids such as catechin, gallocatechin,
epicatechin, procyanidin dimmer, levels of enzymatic (catalase, superoxide
dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and non-
enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin E and C)
a. Antiprotein (albumin) glycation property-
Finger millet seed coat polyphenols are effective inhibitors of fructose induced
albumin glycation
a. Antimicrobial activity-
Polyphenol extract from Finger Millet seed coat and whole flour active against
Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus niger and Fermented Finger Millet extract-
suppress growth of Salmonella sp., Escherichia coliARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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4. Consumption pattern of Finger Millet
Consumption pattern of Finger millet compiled from unit
level NSSO data extracted from the 68th round on
'Household Consumer Expenditure' and 'Employment
and Unemployment' for urban, rural and all India has
been given in the tableStates All India Rural Urban
kg/hsh/m Rs/hsh/m kg/hsh/m Rs/hsh/m kg/hsh/m Rs/hsh/m
Andhra Pradesh 2.40 38.24 2.68 40.11 1.64 32.83
Bihar 12.02 692.00 12.02 692.00 - -
Chhattisgarh 3.18 41.09 3.18 41.09 - -
Gujarat 8.39 136.72 8.39 136.72 - -
HP 0.50 18.75 0.50 20.00 0.50 15.00
Karnataka 10.03 119.11 11.98 135.78 7.00 93.17
Kerala 0.96 23.86 1.02 23.69 0.81 24.36
Maharashtra 9.48 132.59 10.56 145.72 3.32 59.46
Orissa 3.51 46.70 3.62 46.98 2.29 43.07
Rajasthan 0.56 20.00 0.56 20.00 - -
Tamil Nadu 2.35 38.33 2.71 40.96 1.63 32.96
Uttarakhand 4.61 52.00 4.65 52.23 2.17 28.26
West Bengal 0.80 38.00 - - 0.80 38.00
Source
:
NSSO
2012,
MOSP
I, GoI ARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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5. Production pattern of Finger Millet
1955-56 1965-66 1975-76 1985-86 1995-96 2005-06 2013-14
Small millets
Area (Lakh ha) 53.35 45.64 46.72 31.55 16.62 10.64 6.82
Production (Lakh
tones)
20.7 15.55 19.24 12.17 7.79 4.72 4.29
Yield (q/ha) 388 341 412 386 469 443 633
Finger millet
Area (Lakh ha) 23.07 26.96 26.3 24.01 17.74 15.34 11.93
Production (Lakh
tones)
18.46 13.27 27.97 25.18 25.01 23.54 19.92
Yield (kg/ha) 800 492 1064 1049 1410 1534 1661
 Minor millets: almost eight fold reduction in area
 Four fold decreases in production
 Reason: tradeoff between rice and wheat with minor millet
Source:
DES
2014,
MoA,
GoI Whereas Finger Millet, one fold decrease in area and there is not as much as
decrease in production due to yield almost doubled in these period i.e from
800 kg/ha to 1661 in 2013-14. ARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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6. State/ UT Area Production Yield Compound growth rate (%)
('000 ha) ('000 Tonnes) (Kg/ha) Area Production Yield
Andhra Pradesh 42.80 46.80 1093.46 -6.43 -7.64 -1.29
(3.53) (2.45)
Gujarat 15.60 13.20 846.15 -3.51 -3.11 0.41
(1.29) (0.69)
Karnataka 709.80 1265.46 1782.84 -2.88 -1.08 1.85
(58.62) (66.13)
Odisha 58.80 41.07 698.35 -1.84 -1.08 0.77
(4.86) (2.15)
Tamil Nadu 85.96 211.85 2464.40 -2.84 -0.46 2.46
(7.10) (11.07)
Uttarakhand 124.37 166.98 1342.56 -3.36 0.16 3.65
(10.27) (8.73)
West Bengal 10.40 11.80 1134.69 -1.97 -0.58 1.41
(0.27) (0.62)
All India 1210.94 1913.70 1580.34 -2.99 -1.26 1.78
 Major state-wise area, production and yield
of Finger Millet (Average of 2009-14)
Source:
DES
2014,
MoA,
GoI
ARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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7.  Processing Technologies for Finger Millet
◦ Milling
◦ Decortications
◦ Popping
◦ Malting
• Processing and value addition
o Multi-grain flour /Composite flour
o Papad
o Puffing or popping
o Puffed Finger Millet mix
o Malting – Weaning food
o Noodles – Vermicelli
o Extruded products
o Bakery products
o Fermented foods
o Ragi Soup
o Ragi Pakora (Finger Millet fritters)
o Ragi Vada
ARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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8. Plausible Reasons for Less Popularity of
Millets in India
 Lack of technical-know-how among the farmers
and processors about the processing methods
with respect to their own old methods of
processing
 Associated cultural issues in adoption and
diversification of food
 Reliability on other staple foods (rice) has
increased
 Lack of awareness among people about nutritive
value of millets and a general opinion that millets
are poor men crop
ARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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9. Reasons for decline in millets
area and consumption in India
Demand side factors Supply side factors
Rapid urbanization Increasing marginalized cultivation
Changing consumer tastes and preferences due to
rising per capita incomes
Low profitability – low remuneration for millets vis-à-
vis competing crops
Government policies favoring other crops such as
output price incentives and input subsidies
More remuneration crop alternative in kharif
competing with millets in question
Supply of PDS rice and wheat at cheaper price
introduced in non-traditional areas of fine cereals
Decline in production and quality (as in kharif)
sorghum because of poor quality of grains due to
blackening of grains , fetching low prices to the
farmers
Poor social status and inconvenience in their
preparation (especially sorghum) and
Lack of incentives for millet production and
Lower shelf life of milled grain and flour of millets Development of better irrigation infrastructure/ options
as I small millets
ARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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10. Institution and programmes for
millet development in India
The government has recognized the importance of the
crop in meeting nutritional requirement of people. To
promote area under millets government has initiated two
progrmmes:
(i) NFSM
(ii) INSIMP
The development of millet through AICRIP (1986)and
Directorate of millet Development (1971). All India
Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets (ICAR)
Established in 1986 located at UAS, Bangalore, 14
AICRP centers and 16 voluntary centers located all
over India.
Target crops are Finger Millet, foxtail millet, barnyard
millet, proso millet, little millet and kodo millet. They
have focused focused on developing appropriate
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11. Initiative for Nutritional Security through Intensive Millets
Promotion (INSIMP):
 Government has announced an allocation of Rs.300 crores in 2011-
12 under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana for promotion of millets as
Nutri-cereals
 INSIMP has been formulated to operationalize the announcement.
 It aims to demonstrate the improved production and post-harvest
technologies in an integrated manner with visible impact to catalyze
increased production of millets in the country
 Besides increasing production of millets, the Scheme through
processing and value addition techniques is expected to generate
consumer demand for millet based food products
National Food Security Mission:
 Area Coverage under NFSM coarse cereals is being implemented
in 28 States including North Eastern and Hill States
 Priority is given to districts that have yields lower than State
average
 According to NFSM Coarse cereals is implemented in 265 districts
of 28 States
 Crops covered under NFSM Coarse Cereals are Maize, Sorghum,
Barley, Pearl Millet, Finger Millet and Small millets (Kodos,
Barnyard, Foxtail, Proso, & Little millet)ARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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12. Some Value Added products in
Market
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13. THANK YOU
ARJUN SINGH_M.TECH_NIFTEM_18-
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