note: A slide for any presentation should not contain more than 4-5 sentences but this presentation has more than the requirement.So, i suggest you to edit as per your requirement and to make it more effective, you can add animations as well.

2.  Introduction
 Overview of the Authentication Methods
 Text Password and drawbacks.
 Graphical Passwords.
 The Types Of Graphical Survey:
 Recognition Based Techniques
 Recall Based Techniques
 Discussion
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION:
Access to computer systems is most often based on the use of alphanumeric
passwords. However, users have difficulty remembering a password that is
long and random-appearing. Instead, they create short, simple, and insecure
passwords.
Graphical passwords have been designed to try to make passwords more
memorable and easier for people to use and, therefore, more secure.
Using a graphical password, users click on images rather than type
alphanumeric characters.

4. Until recently computer and network security has been
formulated as a technical problem. A key area in security
research is authentication, the determination of whether a user
should be allowed access to a given system or resource.
Traditionally, alphanumeric passwords have been used for
authentication, but they are known to have security and usability
problems.
Today other methods, including graphical passwords, are
possible alternatives.

5. What is PASSWORD?
PASSWORD is a secret word or string of characters that is used for user
authentication to prove his identity and gain access to resources.
-> T H E M O S T C O M M O N L Y U S E D F O R M O F U S E R A U T H E N T I C A T I O N .
->THE WEAKEST LINKS OF COMPUTER SECURITY SYSTEMS.
- > T W O C O N F L I C T I N G R E QU I R E M E N T S O F A L P H A N U M E R I C PA S S W O R D S :
(1) EASY TO REMEMBER AND
(2) HARD TO GUESS.
MANY PEOPLE TEND TO IGNORE THE SECOND REQUIREMENT WHICH
L E A D T O W E A K PA S S W O R D S . M A N Y S O L U T I O N S H AV E B E E N P R O P O S E D.
G R A P H I C A L PA S S W O R D I S O N E O F T H E S O L U T I O N S .

6. PASSWORDS are used for?
 Logging into accounts.
 Retrieving emails.
 Accessing applications.
 Networks.
 Websites
 Databases
 workstations

7. Token based authentication:
key cards, band cards, smart card.
Biometric based authentication:
Fingerprints, iris scan, facial recognition.
Knowledge based authentication:
text-based passwords, picture-based passwords
most widely used authentication techniques.

8. GRAPHICAL PASSWORDS

is an authentication system that works by having the user select from
images, in a specific order, presented in a graphical user interface
(GUI). For this reason, the graphical-password approach is
sometimes called graphical user authentication (GUA).
•

Graphical passwords were originally described by BLONDER in
1996.
It can be used in:
– web log-in application
– ATM machines
– mobile devices

9. An example of a graphical password uses an image on the screen
and lets the user choose a few click points;
these click points are the "password",
and the user has to click closely to these points again in order to
log in.

10. Two Categories Of Graphical Passwords:
Recall Based Techniques:
A user is asked to reproduce something that he created or selected
earlier during the registration stage
Recognition Based Techniques:
A user is presented with a set of images and the user passes the
authentication by recognizing and identifying the images he selected
during the registration stage.

11. Recall Based Techniques:
“PassPoint” Scheme:
User click on any place on an image to
create a password. A tolerance around
each chosen pixel is calculated. In order to
be authenticated, user must click within the
tolerances in correct sequence.
Password Space: N^K
( N -the number of pixels or smallest
units of a picture, K - the number of
Point to be clicked on ).

12. Recognition Based Techniques
Sobrado and Birget Scheme
System display a number of pass-objects
(pre selected by user) among many other
objects,user click inside the convex hull
bounded by pass-objects.
– authors suggested using 1000 objects,
which makes the display very crowed
and the objects almost indistinguishable.
password space: N!/K! (N-K)!
( N-total number of picture objects
K-number of pre-registered objects)

13.  Other Schemes
Pass faces..


Using human faces as password.
Difficult to attack.
Select a sequence of
images as password

14. COMPARISION BETWEEN ALPHANUMERIC & GRAPHICAL PASSWORDS:
Commonly used guidelines for alpha-numeric passwords are:
 The password should be at least 8 characters long.
 The password should not be easy to relate to the user (e.g., last name,
birth date).
 Ideally, the user should combine upper and lower case letters and
digits.
Graphical passwords
 The password consists of some actions that the user performs on an
image.
 Such passwords are easier to remember & hard to guess.

15. GRAPHICAL PASSWORDS WHAT A CONCEPT!
 Here you pick several icons to represent
the password.
 Then when you want to authenticate it,
a screen is drawn as a challenge to which
you must respond.
 The screen has numerous icons, at some
of which are your private password icons.
 You must locate your icons visually on
the screen and click on the screen to the
password.

16. A SIMPLE GRAPHICAL
PA S S W O R D S C H E M E
The user choose these regions when
he or she created the
password . The choice for the
four regions is arbitrary, but the user
will pick places that he or she finds
easy to remember. The user can
introduce his/her own pictures for
creating graphical passwords. Also, for
stronger security, more than four click
points could be chosen.

17. A D VA N TA G E S O F G R A P H I C A L
PA S S W O R D S
 Graphical password schemes provide a way of making more
human-friendly passwords .
 Here the security of the system is very high.
 Here we use a series of selectable images on successive
screen pages.
 Dictionary attacks are infeasible.

18. DRAWBACKS
 Password registration and log-in process take too long.
 Require much more storage space than text based
passwords.
 Shoulder Surfing: It means watching over people's
shoulders as they process information. Examples include
observing the keyboard as a person types his or her password,
enters a PIN number, or views personal information.Because
of their graphic nature, nearly all graphical password schemes
are quite vulnerable to shoulder surfing.

19. S O L U T I O N TO S H O U L D E R S U R F I N G
PROBLEM
(1) TRIANGLE SCHEME

20. (2)
MOVABLE FRAME SCHEME

21. CONCLUSION
 Graphical passwords are an alternative to textual alphanumeric password.
 It satisfies both conflicting requirements i.e. it is easy to remember & it is
hard to guess.
 By the solution of the shoulder surfing problem, it becomes more secure &
easier password scheme.
By implementing other special geometric configurations like triangle &
movable frame, one can achieve more security.

22.  It is more difficult to break graphical passwords using the
traditional attack methods such as :
burte force search, dictionary attack or spyware.
Not yet widely used, current graphical password techniques
are still immature.