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BY AYUSH KUMAR
ROLL NO – 2123
St Xavier’s College, Ranchi
1.WHAT IS A BRAND?
2.WHAT IS BRANDING & WHY IT’S IMPORTANT?
3.EXAMPLES OF BRANDING
4.EVOLUTION OF BRAND
5.IBM
6.HP
7.AT&T
 A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one
seller's good or service as distinct from those of other sellers. Brands are used
in business, marketing, and advertising. Name brands are sometimes distinguished
from generic or store brands. Phillip Kotler
 A brand is the meaningful perception of a product, a service or even yourself –either
good, bad or indifferent — that marketers want people to believe based on what they
think they hear, see, smell, taste and generally sense from others around them. Josh
Moritz
 Examples - Apple Inc, Nike, Burger-King, KFC etc..
 Branding, by definition, is a marketing practice in which a company creates a
name, symbol or design that is easily identifiable as belonging to the company.
This helps to identify a product and distinguish it from other products and
services. Branding is important because not only is it what makes a memorable
impression on consumers but it allows customers and clients to know what to
expect from the company.
Importance of Branding-
 Branding can change how people perceive your brand, it can drive new business
and increase brand awareness.
 Branding Increases Business Value
 Branding Generates New Customers
 Creates Trust Within The Marketplace
 Branding often takes the form of a recognizable symbol to which consumers easily
identify, such as a logo. Common examples include the Nike "swoosh," the golden
arches of McDonald's and the apple used by Apple Computers.
 The Evolution of Different Brands-
 Times change. People change. And the identities of some organizations change
right along with them. Evolution can be a powerful ally for designers and brand
builders. If a lolling brand needs to be re-energized, however, something more
than the goals might need to change.
 As the philosophers say, change is the only constant in life. Life is flux, and people
evolve to progress. The brands that people depend on need to evolve, too. Logo
identity is a vital part of any company’s brand. A brand sets the company’s tone,
image, and expectations.
 The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an
American multinational information technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York,
with operations in over 170 countries. The company began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New
York, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International
Business Machines" in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York.
 IBM produces and sells computer hardware, middleware and software, and
provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe
computers to nanotechnology. IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for
most U.S. patents generated by a business (as of 2019) for 26 consecutive years.[6] Inventions by
IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive,
the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC
barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The IBM mainframe, exemplified by
the System/360, was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s.
 International Business Machines is one of the most known brands in the world
and so is its logo. Known for its captivating and simple design, the IBM logo
perfectly defines the quality standards and brand name of the company.
 Established in 1911 in New York, the company started with manufacturing lock
autograph recorder which was used as school time control system and Electrical
Accounting Machine. At that time, IBM was known as the Computing Tabulating-
Recording Company. On February 14, 1924, the company name was changed to
International Business Machines Corporation, or IBM. The IBM logo has not
changed much in the company 96 years of existence.
 All the global enterprises boast of outstanding logos, which convey their brand
message and helps build an identity. IBM logo is one such iconic design that has
become part of our memories. This logo has the company’s initial created in a
unique way.
 But the logo design retained its original look throughout its long history. The
design expressed uniqueness, confidence and superiority of the company computer
machines business. The logo has been successfully marketing the company
business in the worldwide Information Technology market.
 #76 in sales
 #24 in profit
 #223 in assets
 #45 in market value
#7 WORLD’S MOST VALUABLE BRAND
 #420 America’s best employers
 #139 canada’s best employers

 IBMers believe in progress—that the application of intelligence, reason and
science can improve business, society and the human condition
CHANGES
OVER
THE
YEARS
 The International Time Recording Company (ITR). ITR was later merged into the
Computing Tabulating-Recording Company — the forerunner of IBM — in 1911.
 Computing Scale Company's new rebranded logo after merging with ITR.
The brand was redesigned with the merger of the International Time
Recording Company (ITR), the Computing Scale Company and the Tabulating
Machine Company to form the Computing-TabulatingRecording Company
(CTR)
 Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company adopted the name International
Business Machines Corporation and rebranded with this logo the form was used
to emphasize the word international.
 IBM borrowed on the equities in its brand image and reputation to help carry it
through a difficult transition from the punched-card tabulating business to
computers. The new rebranded logo appeared on the, 1947 issue of Business
Machines.
 In 1956 Tom Watson, Jr decided to refreshed the company's logo. It was created by
graphic designer Paul Rand.
One of the significant changes that IBM logo saw in
1970s was that number of strips were reduced to eight
from thirteen. The new logo was also known as the Eight
Strip logo or the Eight stripper. The numbers of strips
were reduced to suggest dynamism and speed. However,
design of the logotype remained constant to give a logo
and brand identity to the company.
 The brand was refreshed by Paul Rand, the horizontal
stripes suggested "speed and dynamism." This logo is
used to this day I believe it is because it is a perfect
example of a timeless logo also it is a widely known
logo.
 What made the IBM Logo so special…….
 IBM logo story
 Current IBM logo was designed in 1972 by an iconic American graphic designer Paul Rand.
 He understood that a distinguishing mark was essential to a company’s success.
 Distinctive company logotype is the principal mean of distinguishing one product from that
of another he observed.
 IBM logo is eminent all over the world because of it’s simplicity.
 The name is rather generic though: International Business Machines.
 The word-mark is set in a capital bold typeface and it demonstrate authority in a
fashionable way.
 Blue color was selected, as you may conclude, because it projects strength and dominance of
the company.
 Blue is rather widely used for corporate logos because it is a very “professional” color.
 Why 8 horizontal bars?
 As there are reasons behind the color selection and the font used, there is also a reason
behind the shape and the bars. It’s not just a “differentiator” as you may conclude.
 Finally in 1972 Rand introduced stripes to establish a better sense of unity in the monogram
and suggest a sense of movement. If you look at the logo closely you can also notice that two
lower right parallel lines form a sign of “Equality”. Eight horizontal stripes suggest speed
and dynamism. The stripes in IBM logo also enhance the beauty and give a distinctive
quality to the logo.
 And the rest was history as they say. The IBM logo has remained unchanged since then.
 In the early 1990s, IBM experienced financial turmoil. The IBM situation illustrate show radical change in
technology and the business environment forces a company to rethink its business model, strategies, operations,
culture, and long-held values. IBM found itself “. . . in one of those transition phases when old rules no longer apply
and the new ones haven’t fully emerged”, according to Samuel J.
 Palmisano, Chairman and President (IBM, 2003, p. 1).The Basic Beliefs of Thomas Watson Sr, IBM’s founder, had
guided the company through many decades. A popular saying, “nobody has ever been fired for buying ‘IBM’”, reflected
the strength of the corporation’s reputation. IBM was also known to be a value-based organization . To become a true
“IBMer”, one was expected to live up to the highest moral and ethical standards, being a role model in both business
and in society, explains Jo¨rg Winkelmann, VP Communications IBM. After 25 years within the company, you were
considered to be a “real blue-blooded IBM trooper”.
 Today, the situation is very different: half of the workforce has been with the company for fewer than five years.
IBM’s value proposition has moved from products to solutions and consulting. The re-examination of the company’s
core values started in 2003, “... not to revive the spirit of our past century, but to get in shape for an entirely new one”
(IBM, 2003, p.1).
 Inspired by jazz music’s jam sessions – where musicians improvise, pick-up on tunes, and find melodies together –
IBM orchestrated a company-wide intranet session on values. All the employees were invited to discuss what dened
IBM and the “IBMers” in forums. Examples of topics for these forums included: “What values are essential to what
IBM needs to become?”, “Is there something about our company that makes a unique contribution to the world?”, and
“When is IBM at its best and what makes you proud to be an IBMer?”. The outcome in terms of proposals, ideas, and
values were structured and distilled and nally prioritised with the help of the organisation. The bottom-up approach
gave an understanding of what values were considered to be core across the organisation
 The result was that the three original IBM Basic Beliefs “Excellence, customer satisfaction,
and respect for the individual” were replaced by other values .Excellence had lost its
credibility and meaning. It was no longer the way IBM wanted to present itself. Some even
felt it sounded almost arrogant. The new value replacing the one considered to be obsolete
was innovation.
 It is described as “Innovation that matters – for our company and for the world”.
Innovation is new as a core value, but it has a solid track record supported by a long series
of pioneering inventions, recognised by Nobel prizes and resulting in groundbreaking
solutions the company brought to fundamental challenges in business and society. Samuel
J. Palmisano, CEO IBM, describes innovation as the “single, focused business model the
company is aligned around” (IBM, 2003, p. 34).A comment from the jam session was: “The
term ‘customer’ implies a product relationship, while ‘client’ represents a professional
relationship” (IBM, 2003, p. 21).The value customer satisfaction has now evolved into
“dedication to every client’s success”.
 At IBM, “client” was considered to be a better way to describe the new business relationship
they are striving to build. Internally, this is viewed as more than a subtle distinction of
words. The business model of IBM today is based upon the understanding that customer
success is not just a function of product performance, or short-term transactions, but rather
of technology and business insight, which build long-term relationships. Finally, “respect”
was replaced by the new core value “trust”.
 One reason why this still important value was no longer considered to be core was that it
was perceived as somewhat reactive and internally focused. It had also accumulated
negative connotations after the turmoil within IBM during the 1990s when some employees
felt that this value had been compromised. Trust and personal responsibility in all
relationships is the more pro-active and externally focused description of the new core value
 Focusing on core competencies like large scale customised hardware and software
production
 Customer centric marketing campaign that is “Think” Campaign.
 Large R&D budget-$50 billion
 Constatnt innovation with huge Product line
 Target marketing stratergy for segments
 Focus on quality for increasing brand value
 Top among cometitors in the market.Dircetly competes with biggies like Microsoft
,Intel,Honeywell etc.
 Global outreach through various channels offline and online.
 Large scale contarcts with govertments.
 Less outsourcing and own production to reduce costs and increase efficiency.
 Introduction
Launched 1st product in 1880’s . Quality and innovation were its key focus points.
Created a market space for themselves
 Growth
Customised software and hardware . Mass production with tie ups with various
firms and scaling operations. Expanding into various countries. Money on R&D.
 Maturity
More operations with customers to competitors in the market .Ups and Downs with
revenue failing due to outsourcing.
 Decline
Global recessions and increasing customer acquations costs. Focus on niche segment
and improve exisiting products.
• The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP, and stylized as hp) or Hewlett-
Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in
Palo Alto, California
• Hp is a technology company that operates in more than 170 countries around the world. It
explores how technology and services can help people and companies address their problems
and challenges, and realize their possibilities, aspirations and dreams.
• It applies new thinking and ideas to create more simple, valuable and trusted experiences with
technology, continuously improving the way our customers live and work. No other company
offers as complete a technology product portfolio as HP.
• It provides infrastructure and business offerings that span from handheld some of the world's
most powerful supercomputer installations. It offers consumers a wide range of products and
services from digital photography to digital entertainment and from computing to home
printing.
• This comprehensive portfolio helps us match the right products, services and solutions to our
customer's specific needs.
MISSION
 “To invent technologies and services that drive business values, create social
benefit and improve the lives of customers – with a focus on affecting the greatest
number of people possible”.
VISION
 “To create technology that makes life better for people/ community around the
globe”.
BRAND HISTORY
• The company was founded on January 1, 1939, by William R. Hewlett
and David Packard, two recent electrical-engineering graduates of Stanford
University.
• During World War II the company developed products for military applications
that were important enough to merit Packard a draft exemption, while Hewlett
served in the Army Signal Corps. Throughout the war the company worked
with the Naval Research Laboratory to build counter-radar technology and
advanced artillery shell fuses.
• After the war, Packard became responsible for the company’s business, while
Hewlett led its research and development efforts. Hewlett-Packard returned to
the revenue levels of the war years and grew continuously thereafter through a
strategy of product diversification. One of its most popular early products was a
high-speed frequency counter that it introduced in 1951. It was used in the
rapidly growing market of FM radio and television broadcast stations for
precisely setting signal frequencies.
• To help fund the development of new products, Hewlett-Packard raised money by issuing
public stock in 1957 and of expanded its product line by acquiring companies, beginning
the year after it went public with the purchase of F.L. Moseley Company, a maker of
graphic recorders. In 1961 it began its climb to status as a medical-instrument
manufacturer with the purchase of Sanborn Company.
• In 1964 Hewlett-Packard instrumentation gained international recognition in a
technological publicity stunt. Hewlett-Packard introduced its first desktop computer, the
HP-85, in 1980. Because it was incompatible with the IBM PC, which became the industry
standard, it was a failure. The company’s first successful product for the PC market was
actually a printer. The HP LaserJet appeared in 1984 to rave reviews and huge sales,
becoming Hewlett-Packard’s single most successful product.
• During the 2000s, Hewlett-Packard expanded its worldwide operations by opening
research laboratories in Bangalore, India (2002), Beijing, China (2005), and St. Petersburg,
Russia (2007); these joined a list that included laboratories in Bristol, England (1984),
Tokyo, Japan (1990), and Haifa, Israel (1994).
• Hewlett-Packard acquired the Compaq Computer Corporation, a major American PC
manufacturer, in 2002. The move, made at the urging of the recently hired chief executive
officer (CEO), Carly Fiorina, the first woman to lead a company listed in the Dow Jones.
The company soon turned its balance sheet around, and in 2007 Hewlett-Packard became
the first technology company to exceed $100 billion in sales revenue for a fiscal year (after
first passing IBM in revenue the year before).
• In 2015 Hewlett-Packard split into two companies: HP Inc., which made personal
computers and printers, and Hewlett Packard Enterprise, which provided products and
services for businesses.
EVOLUTION OF
LOGO
THIS MADE THE
DIFFERENCE-
 Shape of the HP Logo: The HP logo comes in a square with curved edges.
Right in the center of the logo is a ring which contains the font. The font is shown
upright in the middle, providing elegance and distinction to the HP logo.
 Color of the HP Logo: The HP logo contains only blue and white colors. The
shades together give an appearance of simplicity and sophistication to the overall
logo. The sapphire background offers a sharp contrast to the white fonts, making
the logo look captivating and inspiring, as well as preserving the company’s
solemn approach to the business world.
 Font of the HP Logo: The font used in the HP logo is simple and presented in
italic. It comes into view vertically, in a bold and unique manner, capturing the
entire concentration and appreciation of the viewer
BRAND POSITIONING
• Positioning a brand successfully is an integral step for any brand to achieve
greatness. Brand positioning needs to create a distinctive place in the minds of
the consumers.
• The power of the portfolio could only be fully leveraged by aligning it behind a
compelling vision. This vision would inspire the various businesses and over
300,000 employees world-wide with a unified purpose and behaviours. Hewlett-
Packard pioneered the desktop laser printer and today has some 40% of the
world market for computer printers.
• Hewlett Packard has positioned itself as one of the big game players in the tech
arena. But HP is constantly taking steps to ensure they keep their brand value.
They are working with ‘Moving Brands’ in order to redesign their brand image.
Innovation is a lofty goal for many marketers, but for Hewlett-Packard, during
its five-year turnaround plan, it has placed innovation at the top of its strategic
goal list and it has delivered great results and positive brand loyalty.
• As part of the brand’s strategy in building long term relationships with its retail
partners and media through technology, on top of increasing its sales, said
Anurag Kontu, regional trade marketing lead, HP Asia Pacific, printing &
personal systems, Asia Pacific & Japan.
• For instance, the brand organized a HP Consumer Partner Summit 2013 earlier
this year, a conference where the brand met with over 400 retailers and partners
during the four-day event.
• In Singapore, it also launched an event called The Elite Assembly. This was a
B2B event for the IT industry where the brand reached out to the C-suite
professionals with the range of HP Elite family of business products. The key
objective was to increase awareness amongst the target audience on the HP Elite
family of business products and generate leads for potential sales.
• HP is equipped with the broadest portfolio of all their competitors. From services
to servers, printing to networking, storage to mobility and far beyond, HP have
lead the market in almost every category in which they operate.
CORE , GROWTH AND FUTURE :
THREE PILLAR’S OF HP
SUCCESS
 Protecting the core
 HP has been a global leader in Personal Systems and Printing for decades, and is
aggressively protecting and defending our Core business. Constant innovation keeps
products and solutions fresh, highly relevant and drives customer demand.
 In office printing, HP rolled out an entirely new line of ink, laser and Page Wide
devices—delivering the world’s most secure print experience, as well as a
comprehensive range of Managed Print Services. In consumer printing, the pocket-
sized Sprocket is a huge hit with smartphone-toting millennials.
 In Personal Systems, HP took profitable share with innovative new commercial
products including EliteBook Folio G1 and new ZBook workstations. On the consumer
end, HP delivered beautifully designed, high performance solutions for premium
consumer categories like gaming and entertainment. This included the introduction of
Spectre 13, the world’s thinnest laptop and the Omen X gaming system
CAPTURING GROWTH
 Profits from the Core enable HP to pursue profitable growth in naturally adjacent
markets. To that end, HP began to reinvent the A3 copier market—an industry
that is ripe for disruption by introducing the A3 portfolio, including 16 new next-
generation HP Page Wide and LaserJet printers. Then to accelerate innovation,
HP reached a $1.05 billion agreement to acquire Samsung’s printer business.
Expected to close mid-2017, this acquisiton will not only impact innovation but
significantly strengthen HP’s intellectual property portfolio.
 HP also is aggressively pursuing growth opportunities in Graphics printing as the
industry accelerates from analog to digital printing. Already holding a No. 1
position with powerful and versatile new commercial printers and presses, and
just delivered the 13th consecutive quarter of revenue growth.
CREATING THE FUTURE
 HP has a rich heritage of innovation and category creation. To build on this, the company
continues to redefine industries by investing in the third strategic pillar: The Future.
 HP Labs, one of the eminent private research laboratories in the world, celebrated its 50th
anniversary in 2016. Because the world around us is changing at an exponential rate, HP takes
a long-term perspective on the Megatrends that are shaping the world and then creates products
and technologies based on those insights.
 The world is on the cusp of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, one that will change the world
even more than the ones that came before: steam powered machines, electricity and mass
production, and networked digital computers. This revolution will be characterized by the
blending of the digital and physical worlds into what HP calls “Blended Reality.”
 The new HP Jet Fusion 3D Solution, a highly innovative commercial 3D printing system, is
poised to disrupt the $12 trillion manufacturing industry.
 HP is also investing in immersive computing, including virtual and augmented reality. The new
Sprout Pro has the potential to bring immersive computing to schools and offices worldwide.
“Mobilising your
 AT&T was actually founded by the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham
Bell himself, in 1876. Over time this company has become a house-hold name with
thousands of locations and millions of workers throughout the global market.
While AT&T has stayed true to their original focus of telephones they have also
branched out into other markets such as high-speed internet and digital
television.
 An important part of any company logo is brand recognition, and the logo of AT&T
is known throughout the world. For anyone seeking the newest technology, either
smartphones or digital television, they are sure to see the AT&T logo flashing
merrily before them. Any company that seeks to brand themselves with as much
success as AT&T should pay attention to how AT&T simple logo has become such
a well-known icon.
 The history of AT&T dates back to the invention of the telephone. The Bell
Telephone Company was established in 1877 by Alexander Graham Bell, who
obtained the first US patent for the telephone, and his father-in-law, Gardiner
Greene Hubbard. Bell and Hubbard also established American Telephone and
Telegraph Company in 1885, which acquired the Bell Telephone Company and
became the primary telephone company in the United States. This company
maintained a monopoly on telephone service in the United States until anti-trust
regulators split the company in 1982.
 AT&T Corporation was eventually purchased by one of its Regional Bell Operating
Company, the former Southwestern Bell Company, in 2005 and the combined
company became known as AT&T Inc.
1885-1900 1900-1921 1921-1939 1939-1964 1964-1969
1969-1982 1982-1996 1996-2005 2005-2015 2015-PRESENT
The American Telephone and Telegraph
Company was founded by Alexander Graham Bell in
1885.
This is the first documented use of the "Bell
System" branding.
Local versions of the logo included the
name of the regional "baby bell"
companies at the top of the ring, with the
words "American Telephone & Telegraph
Co." on the bottom.
The words on the ring from the second logo
stayed the same, but the typeface, the hook
on the bell was changed and the year
notation was removed.
In 1964, the words "American
Telephone and Telegraph Co." were
removed from the ring, and the words
"and Associated Companies" was
moved to the bottom of a new
wordmark reading the new
abbreviated name of the
company, AT&T.
This is the final version of the bell logo, designed
by Saul Bass. The bell logo used here would
continue to be used by the seven "baby bell"
companies spun off of AT&T, as well as Western
Electric Company.
In 1982, the wordmark's design remained
the same, but the bell symbol was replaced
by a blue globe with lines on the left side of
it that seem to make a segmented circle.
This logo was nicknamed the "Death Star".
This logo was used in tandem with the next
one until 2003.
In 1996, the globe design was slightly
modified with its number of stripes being
reduced to eight and three of them being
removed from the globe (it originally had
eleven stripes in the previous logo).
 On November 21, 2005, AT&T received a
major redesign to coincide with the
merger of SBC. The typeface at the
bottom of the logo was changed and was
made lowercase. The globe got a glossy 3D
effect, with the globe in white and the
stripes in blue, rather than the other way
around (which had been the case till
then). This rebrand was created
by Interbrand. This logo is still used in
most locations, SIM cards, and on the 404
error page.
 In 2011, AT&T's trademark 4-note audio
logo was added at the end of its
commercials.
On December 13, 2015, AT&T
updated its globe logo for the first
time in ten years by having all
blue colors on it trade places,
making the stripes
transparent and the circle blue
once again (a motif similar to the
1982 "Death Star" logo); the
wordmark was also changed as it
reverted back to being
in uppercase for the first time
since 2005. The 4-note jingle's
sound was changed from "D-D'-E-
B" to G-G'-A-E", and at a faster
rate. The latest rebrand also
created by Interbrand for the
second time.
 It’s hard to imagine a logo that has as much recognition as the AT&T globe. People
from around the world can recognize it and the company it represents, which is a
huge achievement for AT&T. The symbolism of the famous globe is simple and
easy to understand and transcends any language or cultural barriers. The AT&T
company has its roots in the very beginning of the telephone industry and their
brand has adapted to meet the needs of this ever-growing company.
 There have been many changes to the logo shape over the years, including a few subtle
alterations and some major renovations. At first, the logo was just a black bell that
said “Long Distance Telephone” in white lettering. By 1900, a circle had been added
around the bell that said “American Telephone and Telegraph Co. and Associated
Companies” in black lettering and the phrase “Bell System” was added beneath the
bell. The bell surrounded by a ring underwent several minor alterations.
 The next major change to the AT&T logo did not occur until 1964 when the company
adopted a logo that was the bell circle set next to the word “AT&T .” After a few years,
the bell was simplified to a basic outline, and the symbol migrated to the top of the
AT&T wordmark.
 AT&T unveiled a brand new logo in the early 1980s when they changed the bell to the
striped globe. Over the next two decades, AT&T used essentially the same logo, but
they occasionally changed the number or curvature of the stripes. In 2005, the white
and blue stripes were switched, and a three dimensional shading effect was added.
 For the first 80 years of the company’s life, AT&T had no color beyond black and
white. Once they switched to the cyan shade in 1969, AT&T made this color their
signature shade. It has showed up on every logo since.
 With one minor exception, all fonts used in the AT&T have been a variation of a
capitalized, san serif font with even, regular lettering. From 2005 to 2015, AT&T
attempted to appeal to a younger demographic by using a lowercase lettering, but
this decision was canceled in the 2015 logo update.
 AT&T uses a globe as their symbol because they wanted to represent the global
reach of the company. The white stripes are thicker on the left, upper side to
represent the location of America. These white stripes represent the gradual
growth of the company’s communications network as it has stretched to other
nations.
 AT&T designers had a few goals in mind when they made the newest version of
the logo. They increased the amount of negative white space so that the logo
would be legible at small sizes. For even more versatility, the blue color was
slightly lightened and brightened so it can show up equally well on dark
backgrounds, screens, signs, and paper. The globe was given a more upright
appearance to convey stability to viewers. AT&T also switched back to their old
capital lettering to reference their lengthy history and appear more respectable.
BRAND LOGO EVOLUTION (IBM,HP,AT&T)

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BRAND LOGO EVOLUTION (IBM,HP,AT&T)

  • 1. BY AYUSH KUMAR ROLL NO – 2123 St Xavier’s College, Ranchi
  • 2. 1.WHAT IS A BRAND? 2.WHAT IS BRANDING & WHY IT’S IMPORTANT? 3.EXAMPLES OF BRANDING 4.EVOLUTION OF BRAND 5.IBM 6.HP 7.AT&T
  • 3.  A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or service as distinct from those of other sellers. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising. Name brands are sometimes distinguished from generic or store brands. Phillip Kotler  A brand is the meaningful perception of a product, a service or even yourself –either good, bad or indifferent — that marketers want people to believe based on what they think they hear, see, smell, taste and generally sense from others around them. Josh Moritz  Examples - Apple Inc, Nike, Burger-King, KFC etc..
  • 4.  Branding, by definition, is a marketing practice in which a company creates a name, symbol or design that is easily identifiable as belonging to the company. This helps to identify a product and distinguish it from other products and services. Branding is important because not only is it what makes a memorable impression on consumers but it allows customers and clients to know what to expect from the company. Importance of Branding-  Branding can change how people perceive your brand, it can drive new business and increase brand awareness.  Branding Increases Business Value  Branding Generates New Customers  Creates Trust Within The Marketplace
  • 5.  Branding often takes the form of a recognizable symbol to which consumers easily identify, such as a logo. Common examples include the Nike "swoosh," the golden arches of McDonald's and the apple used by Apple Computers.
  • 6.  The Evolution of Different Brands-  Times change. People change. And the identities of some organizations change right along with them. Evolution can be a powerful ally for designers and brand builders. If a lolling brand needs to be re-energized, however, something more than the goals might need to change.  As the philosophers say, change is the only constant in life. Life is flux, and people evolve to progress. The brands that people depend on need to evolve, too. Logo identity is a vital part of any company’s brand. A brand sets the company’s tone, image, and expectations.
  • 7.
  • 8.  The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries. The company began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New York, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York.  IBM produces and sells computer hardware, middleware and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for most U.S. patents generated by a business (as of 2019) for 26 consecutive years.[6] Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s.
  • 9.  International Business Machines is one of the most known brands in the world and so is its logo. Known for its captivating and simple design, the IBM logo perfectly defines the quality standards and brand name of the company.  Established in 1911 in New York, the company started with manufacturing lock autograph recorder which was used as school time control system and Electrical Accounting Machine. At that time, IBM was known as the Computing Tabulating- Recording Company. On February 14, 1924, the company name was changed to International Business Machines Corporation, or IBM. The IBM logo has not changed much in the company 96 years of existence.
  • 10.  All the global enterprises boast of outstanding logos, which convey their brand message and helps build an identity. IBM logo is one such iconic design that has become part of our memories. This logo has the company’s initial created in a unique way.  But the logo design retained its original look throughout its long history. The design expressed uniqueness, confidence and superiority of the company computer machines business. The logo has been successfully marketing the company business in the worldwide Information Technology market.
  • 11.  #76 in sales  #24 in profit  #223 in assets  #45 in market value #7 WORLD’S MOST VALUABLE BRAND  #420 America’s best employers  #139 canada’s best employers
  • 12.   IBMers believe in progress—that the application of intelligence, reason and science can improve business, society and the human condition
  • 13.
  • 15.  The International Time Recording Company (ITR). ITR was later merged into the Computing Tabulating-Recording Company — the forerunner of IBM — in 1911.
  • 16.  Computing Scale Company's new rebranded logo after merging with ITR.
  • 17. The brand was redesigned with the merger of the International Time Recording Company (ITR), the Computing Scale Company and the Tabulating Machine Company to form the Computing-TabulatingRecording Company (CTR)
  • 18.  Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company adopted the name International Business Machines Corporation and rebranded with this logo the form was used to emphasize the word international.
  • 19.  IBM borrowed on the equities in its brand image and reputation to help carry it through a difficult transition from the punched-card tabulating business to computers. The new rebranded logo appeared on the, 1947 issue of Business Machines.
  • 20.  In 1956 Tom Watson, Jr decided to refreshed the company's logo. It was created by graphic designer Paul Rand.
  • 21. One of the significant changes that IBM logo saw in 1970s was that number of strips were reduced to eight from thirteen. The new logo was also known as the Eight Strip logo or the Eight stripper. The numbers of strips were reduced to suggest dynamism and speed. However, design of the logotype remained constant to give a logo and brand identity to the company.
  • 22.  The brand was refreshed by Paul Rand, the horizontal stripes suggested "speed and dynamism." This logo is used to this day I believe it is because it is a perfect example of a timeless logo also it is a widely known logo.
  • 23.  What made the IBM Logo so special…….
  • 24.  IBM logo story  Current IBM logo was designed in 1972 by an iconic American graphic designer Paul Rand.  He understood that a distinguishing mark was essential to a company’s success.  Distinctive company logotype is the principal mean of distinguishing one product from that of another he observed.  IBM logo is eminent all over the world because of it’s simplicity.  The name is rather generic though: International Business Machines.  The word-mark is set in a capital bold typeface and it demonstrate authority in a fashionable way.  Blue color was selected, as you may conclude, because it projects strength and dominance of the company.  Blue is rather widely used for corporate logos because it is a very “professional” color.  Why 8 horizontal bars?  As there are reasons behind the color selection and the font used, there is also a reason behind the shape and the bars. It’s not just a “differentiator” as you may conclude.  Finally in 1972 Rand introduced stripes to establish a better sense of unity in the monogram and suggest a sense of movement. If you look at the logo closely you can also notice that two lower right parallel lines form a sign of “Equality”. Eight horizontal stripes suggest speed and dynamism. The stripes in IBM logo also enhance the beauty and give a distinctive quality to the logo.  And the rest was history as they say. The IBM logo has remained unchanged since then.
  • 25.  In the early 1990s, IBM experienced nancial turmoil. The IBM situation illustrate show radical change in technology and the business environment forces a company to rethink its business model, strategies, operations, culture, and long-held values. IBM found itself “. . . in one of those transition phases when old rules no longer apply and the new ones haven’t fully emerged”, according to Samuel J.  Palmisano, Chairman and President (IBM, 2003, p. 1).The Basic Beliefs of Thomas Watson Sr, IBM’s founder, had guided the company through many decades. A popular saying, “nobody has ever been red for buying ‘IBM’”, reflected the strength of the corporation’s reputation. IBM was also known to be a value-based organization . To become a true “IBMer”, one was expected to live up to the highest moral and ethical standards, being a role model in both business and in society, explains Jo¨rg Winkelmann, VP Communications IBM. After 25 years within the company, you were considered to be a “real blue-blooded IBM trooper”.  Today, the situation is very different: half of the workforce has been with the company for fewer than ve years. IBM’s value proposition has moved from products to solutions and consulting. The re-examination of the company’s core values started in 2003, “... not to revive the spirit of our past century, but to get in shape for an entirely new one” (IBM, 2003, p.1).  Inspired by jazz music’s jam sessions – where musicians improvise, pick-up on tunes, and nd melodies together – IBM orchestrated a company-wide intranet session on values. All the employees were invited to discuss what dened IBM and the “IBMers” in forums. Examples of topics for these forums included: “What values are essential to what IBM needs to become?”, “Is there something about our company that makes a unique contribution to the world?”, and “When is IBM at its best and what makes you proud to be an IBMer?”. The outcome in terms of proposals, ideas, and values were structured and distilled and nally prioritised with the help of the organisation. The bottom-up approach gave an understanding of what values were considered to be core across the organisation
  • 26.  The result was that the three original IBM Basic Beliefs “Excellence, customer satisfaction, and respect for the individual” were replaced by other values .Excellence had lost its credibility and meaning. It was no longer the way IBM wanted to present itself. Some even felt it sounded almost arrogant. The new value replacing the one considered to be obsolete was innovation.  It is described as “Innovation that matters – for our company and for the world”. Innovation is new as a core value, but it has a solid track record supported by a long series of pioneering inventions, recognised by Nobel prizes and resulting in groundbreaking solutions the company brought to fundamental challenges in business and society. Samuel J. Palmisano, CEO IBM, describes innovation as the “single, focused business model the company is aligned around” (IBM, 2003, p. 34).A comment from the jam session was: “The term ‘customer’ implies a product relationship, while ‘client’ represents a professional relationship” (IBM, 2003, p. 21).The value customer satisfaction has now evolved into “dedication to every client’s success”.  At IBM, “client” was considered to be a better way to describe the new business relationship they are striving to build. Internally, this is viewed as more than a subtle distinction of words. The business model of IBM today is based upon the understanding that customer success is not just a function of product performance, or short-term transactions, but rather of technology and business insight, which build long-term relationships. Finally, “respect” was replaced by the new core value “trust”.  One reason why this still important value was no longer considered to be core was that it was perceived as somewhat reactive and internally focused. It had also accumulated negative connotations after the turmoil within IBM during the 1990s when some employees felt that this value had been compromised. Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships is the more pro-active and externally focused description of the new core value
  • 27.  Focusing on core competencies like large scale customised hardware and software production  Customer centric marketing campaign that is “Think” Campaign.  Large R&D budget-$50 billion  Constatnt innovation with huge Product line  Target marketing stratergy for segments  Focus on quality for increasing brand value
  • 28.  Top among cometitors in the market.Dircetly competes with biggies like Microsoft ,Intel,Honeywell etc.  Global outreach through various channels offline and online.  Large scale contarcts with govertments.  Less outsourcing and own production to reduce costs and increase efficiency.
  • 29.  Introduction Launched 1st product in 1880’s . Quality and innovation were its key focus points. Created a market space for themselves  Growth Customised software and hardware . Mass production with tie ups with various firms and scaling operations. Expanding into various countries. Money on R&D.  Maturity More operations with customers to competitors in the market .Ups and Downs with revenue failing due to outsourcing.  Decline Global recessions and increasing customer acquations costs. Focus on niche segment and improve exisiting products.
  • 30.
  • 31. • The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP, and stylized as hp) or Hewlett- Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California • Hp is a technology company that operates in more than 170 countries around the world. It explores how technology and services can help people and companies address their problems and challenges, and realize their possibilities, aspirations and dreams. • It applies new thinking and ideas to create more simple, valuable and trusted experiences with technology, continuously improving the way our customers live and work. No other company offers as complete a technology product portfolio as HP. • It provides infrastructure and business offerings that span from handheld some of the world's most powerful supercomputer installations. It offers consumers a wide range of products and services from digital photography to digital entertainment and from computing to home printing. • This comprehensive portfolio helps us match the right products, services and solutions to our customer's specific needs.
  • 32. MISSION  “To invent technologies and services that drive business values, create social benefit and improve the lives of customers – with a focus on affecting the greatest number of people possible”.
  • 33. VISION  “To create technology that makes life better for people/ community around the globe”.
  • 34. BRAND HISTORY • The company was founded on January 1, 1939, by William R. Hewlett and David Packard, two recent electrical-engineering graduates of Stanford University. • During World War II the company developed products for military applications that were important enough to merit Packard a draft exemption, while Hewlett served in the Army Signal Corps. Throughout the war the company worked with the Naval Research Laboratory to build counter-radar technology and advanced artillery shell fuses. • After the war, Packard became responsible for the company’s business, while Hewlett led its research and development efforts. Hewlett-Packard returned to the revenue levels of the war years and grew continuously thereafter through a strategy of product diversification. One of its most popular early products was a high-speed frequency counter that it introduced in 1951. It was used in the rapidly growing market of FM radio and television broadcast stations for precisely setting signal frequencies.
  • 35. • To help fund the development of new products, Hewlett-Packard raised money by issuing public stock in 1957 and of expanded its product line by acquiring companies, beginning the year after it went public with the purchase of F.L. Moseley Company, a maker of graphic recorders. In 1961 it began its climb to status as a medical-instrument manufacturer with the purchase of Sanborn Company. • In 1964 Hewlett-Packard instrumentation gained international recognition in a technological publicity stunt. Hewlett-Packard introduced its first desktop computer, the HP-85, in 1980. Because it was incompatible with the IBM PC, which became the industry standard, it was a failure. The company’s first successful product for the PC market was actually a printer. The HP LaserJet appeared in 1984 to rave reviews and huge sales, becoming Hewlett-Packard’s single most successful product. • During the 2000s, Hewlett-Packard expanded its worldwide operations by opening research laboratories in Bangalore, India (2002), Beijing, China (2005), and St. Petersburg, Russia (2007); these joined a list that included laboratories in Bristol, England (1984), Tokyo, Japan (1990), and Haifa, Israel (1994). • Hewlett-Packard acquired the Compaq Computer Corporation, a major American PC manufacturer, in 2002. The move, made at the urging of the recently hired chief executive officer (CEO), Carly Fiorina, the first woman to lead a company listed in the Dow Jones. The company soon turned its balance sheet around, and in 2007 Hewlett-Packard became the first technology company to exceed $100 billion in sales revenue for a fiscal year (after first passing IBM in revenue the year before). • In 2015 Hewlett-Packard split into two companies: HP Inc., which made personal computers and printers, and Hewlett Packard Enterprise, which provided products and services for businesses.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. THIS MADE THE DIFFERENCE-  Shape of the HP Logo: The HP logo comes in a square with curved edges. Right in the center of the logo is a ring which contains the font. The font is shown upright in the middle, providing elegance and distinction to the HP logo.  Color of the HP Logo: The HP logo contains only blue and white colors. The shades together give an appearance of simplicity and sophistication to the overall logo. The sapphire background offers a sharp contrast to the white fonts, making the logo look captivating and inspiring, as well as preserving the company’s solemn approach to the business world.  Font of the HP Logo: The font used in the HP logo is simple and presented in italic. It comes into view vertically, in a bold and unique manner, capturing the entire concentration and appreciation of the viewer
  • 41. BRAND POSITIONING • Positioning a brand successfully is an integral step for any brand to achieve greatness. Brand positioning needs to create a distinctive place in the minds of the consumers. • The power of the portfolio could only be fully leveraged by aligning it behind a compelling vision. This vision would inspire the various businesses and over 300,000 employees world-wide with a unified purpose and behaviours. Hewlett- Packard pioneered the desktop laser printer and today has some 40% of the world market for computer printers. • Hewlett Packard has positioned itself as one of the big game players in the tech arena. But HP is constantly taking steps to ensure they keep their brand value. They are working with ‘Moving Brands’ in order to redesign their brand image. Innovation is a lofty goal for many marketers, but for Hewlett-Packard, during its five-year turnaround plan, it has placed innovation at the top of its strategic goal list and it has delivered great results and positive brand loyalty.
  • 42. • As part of the brand’s strategy in building long term relationships with its retail partners and media through technology, on top of increasing its sales, said Anurag Kontu, regional trade marketing lead, HP Asia Pacific, printing & personal systems, Asia Pacific & Japan. • For instance, the brand organized a HP Consumer Partner Summit 2013 earlier this year, a conference where the brand met with over 400 retailers and partners during the four-day event. • In Singapore, it also launched an event called The Elite Assembly. This was a B2B event for the IT industry where the brand reached out to the C-suite professionals with the range of HP Elite family of business products. The key objective was to increase awareness amongst the target audience on the HP Elite family of business products and generate leads for potential sales. • HP is equipped with the broadest portfolio of all their competitors. From services to servers, printing to networking, storage to mobility and far beyond, HP have lead the market in almost every category in which they operate.
  • 43. CORE , GROWTH AND FUTURE : THREE PILLAR’S OF HP SUCCESS  Protecting the core  HP has been a global leader in Personal Systems and Printing for decades, and is aggressively protecting and defending our Core business. Constant innovation keeps products and solutions fresh, highly relevant and drives customer demand.  In office printing, HP rolled out an entirely new line of ink, laser and Page Wide devices—delivering the world’s most secure print experience, as well as a comprehensive range of Managed Print Services. In consumer printing, the pocket- sized Sprocket is a huge hit with smartphone-toting millennials.  In Personal Systems, HP took profitable share with innovative new commercial products including EliteBook Folio G1 and new ZBook workstations. On the consumer end, HP delivered beautifully designed, high performance solutions for premium consumer categories like gaming and entertainment. This included the introduction of Spectre 13, the world’s thinnest laptop and the Omen X gaming system
  • 44. CAPTURING GROWTH  Profits from the Core enable HP to pursue profitable growth in naturally adjacent markets. To that end, HP began to reinvent the A3 copier market—an industry that is ripe for disruption by introducing the A3 portfolio, including 16 new next- generation HP Page Wide and LaserJet printers. Then to accelerate innovation, HP reached a $1.05 billion agreement to acquire Samsung’s printer business. Expected to close mid-2017, this acquisiton will not only impact innovation but significantly strengthen HP’s intellectual property portfolio.  HP also is aggressively pursuing growth opportunities in Graphics printing as the industry accelerates from analog to digital printing. Already holding a No. 1 position with powerful and versatile new commercial printers and presses, and just delivered the 13th consecutive quarter of revenue growth.
  • 45. CREATING THE FUTURE  HP has a rich heritage of innovation and category creation. To build on this, the company continues to redefine industries by investing in the third strategic pillar: The Future.  HP Labs, one of the eminent private research laboratories in the world, celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2016. Because the world around us is changing at an exponential rate, HP takes a long-term perspective on the Megatrends that are shaping the world and then creates products and technologies based on those insights.  The world is on the cusp of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, one that will change the world even more than the ones that came before: steam powered machines, electricity and mass production, and networked digital computers. This revolution will be characterized by the blending of the digital and physical worlds into what HP calls “Blended Reality.”  The new HP Jet Fusion 3D Solution, a highly innovative commercial 3D printing system, is poised to disrupt the $12 trillion manufacturing industry.  HP is also investing in immersive computing, including virtual and augmented reality. The new Sprout Pro has the potential to bring immersive computing to schools and offices worldwide.
  • 47.  AT&T was actually founded by the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell himself, in 1876. Over time this company has become a house-hold name with thousands of locations and millions of workers throughout the global market. While AT&T has stayed true to their original focus of telephones they have also branched out into other markets such as high-speed internet and digital television.  An important part of any company logo is brand recognition, and the logo of AT&T is known throughout the world. For anyone seeking the newest technology, either smartphones or digital television, they are sure to see the AT&T logo flashing merrily before them. Any company that seeks to brand themselves with as much success as AT&T should pay attention to how AT&T simple logo has become such a well-known icon.
  • 48.  The history of AT&T dates back to the invention of the telephone. The Bell Telephone Company was established in 1877 by Alexander Graham Bell, who obtained the first US patent for the telephone, and his father-in-law, Gardiner Greene Hubbard. Bell and Hubbard also established American Telephone and Telegraph Company in 1885, which acquired the Bell Telephone Company and became the primary telephone company in the United States. This company maintained a monopoly on telephone service in the United States until anti-trust regulators split the company in 1982.  AT&T Corporation was eventually purchased by one of its Regional Bell Operating Company, the former Southwestern Bell Company, in 2005 and the combined company became known as AT&T Inc.
  • 49.
  • 50. 1885-1900 1900-1921 1921-1939 1939-1964 1964-1969 1969-1982 1982-1996 1996-2005 2005-2015 2015-PRESENT
  • 51. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company was founded by Alexander Graham Bell in 1885.
  • 52. This is the first documented use of the "Bell System" branding.
  • 53. Local versions of the logo included the name of the regional "baby bell" companies at the top of the ring, with the words "American Telephone & Telegraph Co." on the bottom.
  • 54. The words on the ring from the second logo stayed the same, but the typeface, the hook on the bell was changed and the year notation was removed.
  • 55. In 1964, the words "American Telephone and Telegraph Co." were removed from the ring, and the words "and Associated Companies" was moved to the bottom of a new wordmark reading the new abbreviated name of the company, AT&T.
  • 56. This is the final version of the bell logo, designed by Saul Bass. The bell logo used here would continue to be used by the seven "baby bell" companies spun off of AT&T, as well as Western Electric Company.
  • 57. In 1982, the wordmark's design remained the same, but the bell symbol was replaced by a blue globe with lines on the left side of it that seem to make a segmented circle. This logo was nicknamed the "Death Star". This logo was used in tandem with the next one until 2003.
  • 58. In 1996, the globe design was slightly modified with its number of stripes being reduced to eight and three of them being removed from the globe (it originally had eleven stripes in the previous logo).
  • 59.  On November 21, 2005, AT&T received a major redesign to coincide with the merger of SBC. The typeface at the bottom of the logo was changed and was made lowercase. The globe got a glossy 3D effect, with the globe in white and the stripes in blue, rather than the other way around (which had been the case till then). This rebrand was created by Interbrand. This logo is still used in most locations, SIM cards, and on the 404 error page.  In 2011, AT&T's trademark 4-note audio logo was added at the end of its commercials.
  • 60. On December 13, 2015, AT&T updated its globe logo for the first time in ten years by having all blue colors on it trade places, making the stripes transparent and the circle blue once again (a motif similar to the 1982 "Death Star" logo); the wordmark was also changed as it reverted back to being in uppercase for the first time since 2005. The 4-note jingle's sound was changed from "D-D'-E- B" to G-G'-A-E", and at a faster rate. The latest rebrand also created by Interbrand for the second time.
  • 61.  It’s hard to imagine a logo that has as much recognition as the AT&T globe. People from around the world can recognize it and the company it represents, which is a huge achievement for AT&T. The symbolism of the famous globe is simple and easy to understand and transcends any language or cultural barriers. The AT&T company has its roots in the very beginning of the telephone industry and their brand has adapted to meet the needs of this ever-growing company.
  • 62.  There have been many changes to the logo shape over the years, including a few subtle alterations and some major renovations. At first, the logo was just a black bell that said “Long Distance Telephone” in white lettering. By 1900, a circle had been added around the bell that said “American Telephone and Telegraph Co. and Associated Companies” in black lettering and the phrase “Bell System” was added beneath the bell. The bell surrounded by a ring underwent several minor alterations.  The next major change to the AT&T logo did not occur until 1964 when the company adopted a logo that was the bell circle set next to the word “AT&T .” After a few years, the bell was simplified to a basic outline, and the symbol migrated to the top of the AT&T wordmark.  AT&T unveiled a brand new logo in the early 1980s when they changed the bell to the striped globe. Over the next two decades, AT&T used essentially the same logo, but they occasionally changed the number or curvature of the stripes. In 2005, the white and blue stripes were switched, and a three dimensional shading effect was added.
  • 63.  For the first 80 years of the company’s life, AT&T had no color beyond black and white. Once they switched to the cyan shade in 1969, AT&T made this color their signature shade. It has showed up on every logo since.
  • 64.  With one minor exception, all fonts used in the AT&T have been a variation of a capitalized, san serif font with even, regular lettering. From 2005 to 2015, AT&T attempted to appeal to a younger demographic by using a lowercase lettering, but this decision was canceled in the 2015 logo update.
  • 65.  AT&T uses a globe as their symbol because they wanted to represent the global reach of the company. The white stripes are thicker on the left, upper side to represent the location of America. These white stripes represent the gradual growth of the company’s communications network as it has stretched to other nations.  AT&T designers had a few goals in mind when they made the newest version of the logo. They increased the amount of negative white space so that the logo would be legible at small sizes. For even more versatility, the blue color was slightly lightened and brightened so it can show up equally well on dark backgrounds, screens, signs, and paper. The globe was given a more upright appearance to convey stability to viewers. AT&T also switched back to their old capital lettering to reference their lengthy history and appear more respectable.