A presentation to MIT CSAIL's Linked Data Ventures class 20130312.

1. Linked Data: Opportunities
for Entrepreneurs
Dr. David Wood
david@3roundstones.com
@prototypo
12 March 2013

2. David Wood
B.S. Mechanical Engineering
B.S. Electrical Engineering (equivalency)
M.S. Astronautical Engineering
Aeronautical & Astronautical Engineer
Ph.D. Software Engineering

3. David Wood
company founded products disposition
@𝛑
Plugged In Software 2002
2005
ongoing
ongoing

4. David Wood
company founded products disposition
@𝛑
Plugged In Software
RDF Database
2002
RDF Database
Management 2005
RDF Usage ongoing
Linked Data ongoing
Management

8. “more anterior sectors of the prefrontal
cortex are distinctively recruited when
altruistic choices prevail over selfish
material interests”
- Jorge Moll et al

9. “For it is in giving that we receive.”
- Saint Francis of Assisi

12. Consistently late to rapidly changing
markets (music, electronics, cafés, e-
books)

13. Pop Quiz

14. Pop Quiz

15. Innovators Dilemma

16. Innovators Dilemma

17. May 2001

18. 08 Oct 2007 07 Nov 2007 10 Nov 2007 28 Feb 2008 31 Mar 2008
18 Sep 2008 05 Mar 2009 27 Mar 2009 14 Jul 2009 22 Sep 2010

19. Sep 2011

22. We’ve Seen This Before

25. YouTube HDTV
watch Better
watch videos
videos
Publish videos
Share videos
Rate videos
Discuss videos

26. Linked Data RDBMS
Use data Use data
Publish data
Share data
Rate data
Discuss data

30. http://3roundstones.com

31. CONTENT LINKED DATA
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM SYSTEM
DATA
TEXT
UNSTRUCTURED
Callimachus
STRUCTURED
DATA
TEXT

32. 32

36. Publishing

37. Credit: Bradley P. Allen, Elsevier Labs

38. ✔
DocBook 5
✔
LaTex
✔
XHTML 5
✔
ePub 3
Credit: Bradley P. Allen, Elsevier Labs

39. Open Government

40. US EPA
• Cloud-based Linked Data provision of 3 core
programs:
• 2.9M Facilities
• 100K substances
• 25 years of toxic pollution reports
• FISMA compliant
• 16 Callimachus templates
• Official launch Feb 2013

44. From EPA
From Wikipedia
Open Street Map

45. Life Sciences

46. Active PURLs for Clinical Study Aggregation
David Wood1 and Tom Plasterer2
1 david@3roundstones.com, 2Tom.Plasterer@astrazeneca.com
The problem: No coordinated view of clinical study information. Information is distributed across departments, subsidiaries and government data sources.
The solution: Gather, convert, aggregate and format for display
3 Round Stones and AstraZeneca created a system to allow coordinated views of distributed clinical trial information. The system extended the Callimachus
Project, an Open Source management system for Linked Data.
Persistent URLs, or PURLs, were used to provide globally unique and resolvable identifiers for each clinical study. The PURL concept was extended to enable
PURLs to have multiple targets and for the results of each target to undergo arbitrary transformation. PURLs which have such capabilities are called Active PURLs.
Information sources relevant to clinical studies were identified, regardless of whether their location was internal or external to the pharmaceutical company's
network. Active PURLs were used to resolve data sources having HTTP endpoints capable of returning XML or textual results. Each information source is
dynamically transformed into Resource Description Framework (RDF) formats and all sources' results then merged into a single, temporary graph of RDF data.
Information is rendered to end users as coordinated HTML descriptions regarding each clinical trial using the Callimachus template engine. Machine-readable
versions of the data are also available.
How semantic technologies help
Linked Data techniques can help to address both the availability of clinical trial information and provide a means to build effective information systems using it.
Linked Data techniques allow for "cooperation without coordination". Publishers of data provide context for use by third parties in other portions of a distributed
enterprise. Users of Linked Data can combine information from multiple sources. Subsequent publication can create a virtuous circle of positive feedback, allowing
researchers, informaticists and support staff to collaboratively and distributively build a reusable knowledge base.
User experience Challenges
HTTP-accessible endpoints capable of returning XML or textual content Distributed queries have many known
1 Users resolve a URL that limitations, such as the introduction of
provides a unique identifier for multiple single points of failure in any
a clinical study, drug, chemical given PURL resolution. HTTP timeouts,
or other concept managed by auth/auth errors or other network failures
this system. The user may can slow or stop a pipeline from returning
be presented with the URL on correctly.
HTML pages, search it via full- Similarly, distributed queries can result
text techniques or discover it in variant query-time performance due to
via semantic search. complex network and endpoint perform-
Multiple targets queried
independently ance variances.
Convert XML or textual results to
2 Users are presented with a RDF Proactive caching and cache manage-
dynamically generated Web meant strategies can improve runtime
page representing aggregated 1 performance and protect end users from
clinical study information. Users User resolves a
single URI to an Render RDF to HTML via template
the limitations inherent in a distributed
are isolated from the complex Active PURL query architecture. Caching of
and distributed information intermediate results from endpoints has
environment. not yet been implemented.
References Next steps

47. Your Opportunity?
• Linked Data warehouses
10B USD annually.
• Linked Data supply chains
205M USD annually (Web analytics)
6B USD annually (enterprise)
• Linked Data analytics
16B USD annually

49. http://www.manning.com/dwood/

50. Credits
Batman Treaty Signing http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/
(public domain) Batman_signs_treaty_artist_impression.jpg)
Centro Universitario de
Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías,
http://proton.ucting.udg.mx/galeria/3D/WEB.jpg
Universidad de Guadalajara
(public domain)
Spreadsheet Photo
Casey Serin http://www.flickr.com/photos/sercasey/351617208/sizes/l/in/photostream/
(CC-BY licensed)
LOD Cloud Diagrams
Richard Cyganiak, Anja http://lod-cloud.net/
Jentzsch, (CC-BY-SA)
Earth weather analysis image
NASA Goddard SFC http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/4662884851/
CC-BY
Publisher emerging content
Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier, used with permission.
architecture
Corporate logos, Darkon Movie Poster, BBC screenshots, CAMC credit card image and book covers © their
respective owners and used under Fair Use for educational purposes

51. Credits
Mundaneum images Copyright © Collection Mundaneum - Mons, Courtesy of the Mundaneum Archives Centre.
Chasm Photo
Travis S. http://www.flickr.com/photos/baggis/3860802929/
(CC-BY-NC licensed)
Supply Chain Image
Kevin Krejci http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinkrejci/6141829763/
(CC-BY licensed)
Sharing Squirrels Image
leezie5 http://www.flickr.com/photos/leeziet/5912219625/
CC-BY-NC-ND licensed)
Envirofacts screenshot A US Government Work of the US EPA. Used with permission.
Linked Data book cover Copyright (c) 2012-13 Manning Publications Inc. Used with permission.
All other photos and drawings © 2010-13 3 Round Stones Inc or David Wood, released under a CC-BY-SA license

52. This work is Copyright © 2011 3 Round Stones Inc.
It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License
Full details at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
You are free:
to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work
to Remix — to adapt the work
Under the following conditions:
Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the
author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse
you or your use of the work).
Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may
distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this
one.

53. Linked Data: Opportunities
for Entrepreneurs
http://purl.org/net/prototypo/lod-entrepreneur
Dr. David Wood
david@3roundstones.com
@prototypo
12 March 2013