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Delivering on Standards for
                                            Government Linked Data

                                             W3C Working Group Report



                                                           Bernadette Hyland

                                                   co-chair, W3C Government Linked Data WG
                                                             CEO, 3 Round Stones, Inc.

                                                                 @BernHyland
                                                                 10-April-2013

                                                    European Data Forum 2013 Dublin



Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                         1

Context of today’s session is to briefly describe the activities & deliverables of the W3C
Government Linked Data working group & what we’re doing.

Following the EU Data Forum, the GLD WG has its 3rd F2F meeting. This will be an interactive
discussion about what each of us needs to more effectively work with government, as well as,
review of feedback on the working group’s deliverables.
Citizen 4.0s are bridges
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                         2

Mark Gerzon’s book Global Citizen introduces the concept of global intelligence and levels of
citizenship, Citizen 1.0 thru 5.0. Citizen 4.0s are those with a worldview based on multiple
cultures (multi-centric) and Citizen 5.0 infers a worldview based on a Whole Earth perspective
(geocentric).
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                                   3

I’m speaking today on behalf of approximately 25 active international “bridge builders” -- We are members of W3C
Government Linked Data WG. Note: I’m a volunteer working group chair, not a W3C staff member. This is a brief update
on resources to help governments publish structured data on the Web.
What exactly is Linked Data?
                Refers to a set of best practices for publishing and
                interlinking structured data for access by both humans
                and machines via the use of the RDF family of syntaxes
                (e.g., RDF/XML, N3, Turtle and N-Triples) and HTTP
                URIs.

                Linked Data can be published by an person or
                organization behind the firewall or on the public Web.
                Linked Data published on the public Web is generally
                called Linked            Open Data.
                                                                              - W3C Linked Data Glossary
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                               4

Lots of people use the term “open data” to mean a range of things from PDFs, CSV files, XML and RDF.
Administrations around the world are committed to increasing public access to high value, machine readable
datasets generated by the executive office, agencies and departments.

“The primary goal is to improve access to Federal data and expand creative use of those data beyond the walls of
government by encouraging innovative ideas (e.g., Web applications),” - About Data.gov.

The term “Linked Open Data” refers to the best practices and standards for achieving that goal, specifically, to
publish data on the Web for access and re-use.
Catalyst for this effort??
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                         5

What was the catalyst for the formation of this government data standards group?
In short, to seek guidance on and share information about publishing structured content on
the Web in a way in which it can be readily be found, accessed, shared and re-used with
others.
Themes
                       Myth: Data standards are published and
                       therefore government can jump on board
                           publishing all kinds of useful data.


                    Reality: Formats for machine readable data
                   are well-documented. However, modeling data
                   with useful context, “pragmatic” provenance &
                             visualizations is not trivial.
                       Plan for new approaches ... they take time.

Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                    6

 Open data on the Web requires a change in mindset. On one hand IT & security people are being
 asked to change tools & approach, often from ‘need to know’ to ‘need to share’ mentality using Open
 Source tools with which they aren’t familiar. They can become ‘blockers’. In contrast, data stewards
 and regulators are often keen to widen the reach of their data but need technical guidance.
 Researchers in many cases have great recommendations however their role isn’t to implement &
 support high availability systems.
Themes
                       Myth: Our agency is providing everything on
                        the Web via a portal backed by a central
                                  relational database.


                        Reality: On the Web (in HTML) does not
                        mean machine readable. Also, most data is
                       organized by programs or regulations that are
                       not intuitive making access nearly impossible.
                        Context is often non-existent making data
                                       nearly useless.
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                            7

 There is no question that today is more fashionable to promote open government data
 projects versus a proprietary €20M data warehouse project. That said, the fiscal cliff the US
 & EU face, combined with big data and deploying systems on the cloud have contract
 officers & managers flat out trying evaluating options that range from the status quo to
 disruptive.
Themes
                   Myth: We’re open!! We offer a data catalogue,
                   publish APIs & our open government initiative is
                      available (as a gorgeous PDF document)!
                       Reality: Yes, civically minded developers have
                        delivered useful apps which is encouraging.
                       Yet governments spend billions of € collecting
                        data that remains inaccessible & unusable to
                            scientists, researchers & the public.


Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                        8

 A ray of sunshine! Open government data advocates take great comfort that highly visible
 government executives, many of whom are here at this conference, support in words and
 with budgets, well-considered open government data projects. Thank you!!
 That said, the state-of-the-art is a decade beyond screen scraping. That is not the
 approach developers should have to adopt.
Themes
                   Myth: There is plenty of open government data
                   available that Web developers are using to spur
                                economic development.
                Reality: Yes, there are >1M government datasets
                  published on the Web, in nearly 200 catalogues,
                published by 43 countries, in 24 languages however,
                they are often hard to find & require considerable
                            programming effort to use.


Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                         9

 Human health & environmental scientists spend over 50% of their time massaging data and models to
 interoperate. If they had better data interoperability, the global R&D community would be
 significantly more efficient & effective. The stakes with controlling the cost & effectiveness of
 healthcare delivery and global warming are issues most governments face. That is why data
 interoperability really matters!

 Source of statistics: RPI IOGDS Data Analytics Project Statistics as of 2013, see http://logd.tw.rpi.edu/
 iogds_data_analytics
Can someone
                please make
                information
                  easier to
                 consume??

Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                                           10

The state of publishing data and making it accessible to humans and machines is evolving rapidly because the stakes are so
high.

I’m happy to report that the state of the art for publishing structured data on the Web is ready for prime time -- ready for
governments to seriously invest in for near and medium term benefits.
Yes!
                       The mission of the W3C Government
                       Linked Data (GLD) Working Group is to
                       provide standards and other information
                       which help governments around the
                       world publish their data as effective and
                       usable Linked Data using Semantic Web
                       technologies.

Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                11

We are 22 months into the Government Linked Data Working group’s two year charter. This is the
beginning of a 5-10 year effort IMO. Should you start budgeting for (modeling) and publication of
authoritative data as Linked Data? Absolutely YES!
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                       12

How do we get a loose coupling of shared data over Web architectures? By using the structured data model for
the Web: RDF.
There is a project to create freely available data on the Web in this way, which is known as the Linked Open
Data project.
W3C sees Linked Data as the set of best practices and technologies to support worldwide data access,
integration and creative re-use of authoritative data.
The Web of Data is helping
                 to meet government missions
          • A global database of linked
                 statements

          • A place where governments can
                 publish authoritative information

          • A vast collection of both
                 human & machine readable
                 information

          • Agencies are beginning to publish
                 Open Data as “5 star Linked
                 Data”
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                                        13

Over the last decade, a Web-oriented approach to information sharing has impacted how scientists, researchers, regulators
and the public interacts with government. Linked data lowers the barriers to re-use and interoperability among multiple,
distributed and heterogeneous data sources.

Governments in the European Union, US, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil and China are defining digital strategies sets to
accomplish: Access to high quality digital information & services; procure and manage devices, applications, and data in
smart, secure and affordable ways; and unlock the power of government data to spur innovation.

Access to high-quality Linked Open Data via the Web means millions of researchers and developers will be able to shorten
the time-consuming research process involving data cleansing and modeling.
Working Group Deliverables
                       See http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/wiki/Main_Page

                       •   Best Practices - includes guidance on URI policy
                           and persistence

                       •   Vocabularies: Organization, Data Cube (for
                           statistics), DCAT (data catalog)

                       •   A Linked Data Cook Book

                       •   Community Directory
                       •   Working Group Notes

                           •   Glossary (Linked Data terms)

                           •   ADMS (Asset Description Metadata Schema)
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                     14

Support is available to government stakeholders and their contractors from the W3C and
working groups such as the Government Linked Data WG, and others: Providence, RDF,
Linked Data Platforms.
Government assumes
                         responsibility ...
                       • Governments collect important and often
                         expensive information
                       • Scientists, researchers, policy makers & the
                         public are depending on the publication of
                         reliable open government data
                       • As the authority, you have the responsibility
                         to ensure information doesn’t disappear ...
                         Just say no to “Page not Found: 404”
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                     15
Tuesday, April 9, 13   16
Tuesday, April 9, 13   17
http://dir.w3.org
                  •    If your government is publishing
                       Linked Open Data, please add it
                       to the new and improved W3C
                       Directory!

                  •    100% open Web standards-
                       compliant

                  •    Built on an open source Linked
                       Data Platform

                  •    As easy as 1, 2, 3!!


Tuesday, April 9, 13                                      18
Navigating Open Government Data
   need not require experimentation
      Open Web standards allow us to use
      simple and complex data to make a
        real difference in people’s lives.


                Government Linked Data
                 can help you navigate

         http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/wiki/Main_Page




                                   Photo: Amelia Earhart,
                           American aviation pioneer & author
Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                                      19

The W3C Government Linked Data WG’s deliverables address the key issues that motivate government to invest in
improving the worldwide INFORMATION infrastructure, the Web of Data. It is early days, but the weather is fine and we
encourage you to participate in whatever way you can with use cases, technical, marketing and communications expertise.
http://slideshare.com/3roundstones

                    Twitter: @BernHyland
             Email. bhyland@3roundstones.com

                       Thank you for participating!!


Tuesday, April 9, 13                                   20
Info for
                                   developers
                             http://www.manning.com/dwood/




                       http://3roundstones.com/linking-government-data/




                       http://3roundstones.com/linking-enterprise-data/


Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                      21
This work is Copyright © 2011-2013 3 Round Stones Inc.
                       It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License
                       Full details at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

                       You are free:

                               to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work



                               to Remix — to adapt the work



                       Under the following conditions:
                               Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the
                               author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse
                               you or your use of the work).

                               Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may
                               distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this
                               one.




Tuesday, April 9, 13                                                                                          22

This presentation prepared by Bernadette Hyland, 3 Round Stones, Inc. is licensed under a
Creative Commons BY-SA license, allowing you to share and remix its contents as long as
you give us attribution and share alike.

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Delivering on Standards for Publishing Government Linked Data

  • 1. Delivering on Standards for Government Linked Data W3C Working Group Report Bernadette Hyland co-chair, W3C Government Linked Data WG CEO, 3 Round Stones, Inc. @BernHyland 10-April-2013 European Data Forum 2013 Dublin Tuesday, April 9, 13 1 Context of today’s session is to briefly describe the activities & deliverables of the W3C Government Linked Data working group & what we’re doing. Following the EU Data Forum, the GLD WG has its 3rd F2F meeting. This will be an interactive discussion about what each of us needs to more effectively work with government, as well as, review of feedback on the working group’s deliverables.
  • 2. Citizen 4.0s are bridges Tuesday, April 9, 13 2 Mark Gerzon’s book Global Citizen introduces the concept of global intelligence and levels of citizenship, Citizen 1.0 thru 5.0. Citizen 4.0s are those with a worldview based on multiple cultures (multi-centric) and Citizen 5.0 infers a worldview based on a Whole Earth perspective (geocentric).
  • 3. Tuesday, April 9, 13 3 I’m speaking today on behalf of approximately 25 active international “bridge builders” -- We are members of W3C Government Linked Data WG. Note: I’m a volunteer working group chair, not a W3C staff member. This is a brief update on resources to help governments publish structured data on the Web.
  • 4. What exactly is Linked Data? Refers to a set of best practices for publishing and interlinking structured data for access by both humans and machines via the use of the RDF family of syntaxes (e.g., RDF/XML, N3, Turtle and N-Triples) and HTTP URIs. Linked Data can be published by an person or organization behind the firewall or on the public Web. Linked Data published on the public Web is generally called Linked Open Data. - W3C Linked Data Glossary Tuesday, April 9, 13 4 Lots of people use the term “open data” to mean a range of things from PDFs, CSV files, XML and RDF. Administrations around the world are committed to increasing public access to high value, machine readable datasets generated by the executive office, agencies and departments. “The primary goal is to improve access to Federal data and expand creative use of those data beyond the walls of government by encouraging innovative ideas (e.g., Web applications),” - About Data.gov. The term “Linked Open Data” refers to the best practices and standards for achieving that goal, specifically, to publish data on the Web for access and re-use.
  • 5. Catalyst for this effort?? Tuesday, April 9, 13 5 What was the catalyst for the formation of this government data standards group? In short, to seek guidance on and share information about publishing structured content on the Web in a way in which it can be readily be found, accessed, shared and re-used with others.
  • 6. Themes Myth: Data standards are published and therefore government can jump on board publishing all kinds of useful data. Reality: Formats for machine readable data are well-documented. However, modeling data with useful context, “pragmatic” provenance & visualizations is not trivial. Plan for new approaches ... they take time. Tuesday, April 9, 13 6 Open data on the Web requires a change in mindset. On one hand IT & security people are being asked to change tools & approach, often from ‘need to know’ to ‘need to share’ mentality using Open Source tools with which they aren’t familiar. They can become ‘blockers’. In contrast, data stewards and regulators are often keen to widen the reach of their data but need technical guidance. Researchers in many cases have great recommendations however their role isn’t to implement & support high availability systems.
  • 7. Themes Myth: Our agency is providing everything on the Web via a portal backed by a central relational database. Reality: On the Web (in HTML) does not mean machine readable. Also, most data is organized by programs or regulations that are not intuitive making access nearly impossible. Context is often non-existent making data nearly useless. Tuesday, April 9, 13 7 There is no question that today is more fashionable to promote open government data projects versus a proprietary €20M data warehouse project. That said, the fiscal cliff the US & EU face, combined with big data and deploying systems on the cloud have contract officers & managers flat out trying evaluating options that range from the status quo to disruptive.
  • 8. Themes Myth: We’re open!! We offer a data catalogue, publish APIs & our open government initiative is available (as a gorgeous PDF document)! Reality: Yes, civically minded developers have delivered useful apps which is encouraging. Yet governments spend billions of € collecting data that remains inaccessible & unusable to scientists, researchers & the public. Tuesday, April 9, 13 8 A ray of sunshine! Open government data advocates take great comfort that highly visible government executives, many of whom are here at this conference, support in words and with budgets, well-considered open government data projects. Thank you!! That said, the state-of-the-art is a decade beyond screen scraping. That is not the approach developers should have to adopt.
  • 9. Themes Myth: There is plenty of open government data available that Web developers are using to spur economic development. Reality: Yes, there are >1M government datasets published on the Web, in nearly 200 catalogues, published by 43 countries, in 24 languages however, they are often hard to find & require considerable programming effort to use. Tuesday, April 9, 13 9 Human health & environmental scientists spend over 50% of their time massaging data and models to interoperate. If they had better data interoperability, the global R&D community would be significantly more efficient & effective. The stakes with controlling the cost & effectiveness of healthcare delivery and global warming are issues most governments face. That is why data interoperability really matters! Source of statistics: RPI IOGDS Data Analytics Project Statistics as of 2013, see http://logd.tw.rpi.edu/ iogds_data_analytics
  • 10. Can someone please make information easier to consume?? Tuesday, April 9, 13 10 The state of publishing data and making it accessible to humans and machines is evolving rapidly because the stakes are so high. I’m happy to report that the state of the art for publishing structured data on the Web is ready for prime time -- ready for governments to seriously invest in for near and medium term benefits.
  • 11. Yes! The mission of the W3C Government Linked Data (GLD) Working Group is to provide standards and other information which help governments around the world publish their data as effective and usable Linked Data using Semantic Web technologies. Tuesday, April 9, 13 11 We are 22 months into the Government Linked Data Working group’s two year charter. This is the beginning of a 5-10 year effort IMO. Should you start budgeting for (modeling) and publication of authoritative data as Linked Data? Absolutely YES!
  • 12. Tuesday, April 9, 13 12 How do we get a loose coupling of shared data over Web architectures? By using the structured data model for the Web: RDF. There is a project to create freely available data on the Web in this way, which is known as the Linked Open Data project. W3C sees Linked Data as the set of best practices and technologies to support worldwide data access, integration and creative re-use of authoritative data.
  • 13. The Web of Data is helping to meet government missions • A global database of linked statements • A place where governments can publish authoritative information • A vast collection of both human & machine readable information • Agencies are beginning to publish Open Data as “5 star Linked Data” Tuesday, April 9, 13 13 Over the last decade, a Web-oriented approach to information sharing has impacted how scientists, researchers, regulators and the public interacts with government. Linked data lowers the barriers to re-use and interoperability among multiple, distributed and heterogeneous data sources. Governments in the European Union, US, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil and China are defining digital strategies sets to accomplish: Access to high quality digital information & services; procure and manage devices, applications, and data in smart, secure and affordable ways; and unlock the power of government data to spur innovation. Access to high-quality Linked Open Data via the Web means millions of researchers and developers will be able to shorten the time-consuming research process involving data cleansing and modeling.
  • 14. Working Group Deliverables See http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/wiki/Main_Page • Best Practices - includes guidance on URI policy and persistence • Vocabularies: Organization, Data Cube (for statistics), DCAT (data catalog) • A Linked Data Cook Book • Community Directory • Working Group Notes • Glossary (Linked Data terms) • ADMS (Asset Description Metadata Schema) Tuesday, April 9, 13 14 Support is available to government stakeholders and their contractors from the W3C and working groups such as the Government Linked Data WG, and others: Providence, RDF, Linked Data Platforms.
  • 15. Government assumes responsibility ... • Governments collect important and often expensive information • Scientists, researchers, policy makers & the public are depending on the publication of reliable open government data • As the authority, you have the responsibility to ensure information doesn’t disappear ... Just say no to “Page not Found: 404” Tuesday, April 9, 13 15
  • 18. http://dir.w3.org • If your government is publishing Linked Open Data, please add it to the new and improved W3C Directory! • 100% open Web standards- compliant • Built on an open source Linked Data Platform • As easy as 1, 2, 3!! Tuesday, April 9, 13 18
  • 19. Navigating Open Government Data need not require experimentation Open Web standards allow us to use simple and complex data to make a real difference in people’s lives. Government Linked Data can help you navigate http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/wiki/Main_Page Photo: Amelia Earhart, American aviation pioneer & author Tuesday, April 9, 13 19 The W3C Government Linked Data WG’s deliverables address the key issues that motivate government to invest in improving the worldwide INFORMATION infrastructure, the Web of Data. It is early days, but the weather is fine and we encourage you to participate in whatever way you can with use cases, technical, marketing and communications expertise.
  • 20. http://slideshare.com/3roundstones Twitter: @BernHyland Email. bhyland@3roundstones.com Thank you for participating!! Tuesday, April 9, 13 20
  • 21. Info for developers http://www.manning.com/dwood/ http://3roundstones.com/linking-government-data/ http://3roundstones.com/linking-enterprise-data/ Tuesday, April 9, 13 21
  • 22. This work is Copyright © 2011-2013 3 Round Stones Inc. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Full details at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ You are free: to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix — to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. Tuesday, April 9, 13 22 This presentation prepared by Bernadette Hyland, 3 Round Stones, Inc. is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-SA license, allowing you to share and remix its contents as long as you give us attribution and share alike.